Effects of temperature and blank holding force on biaxial forming behavior of aluminum sheet alloys

Biaxial forming behavior is investigated for three aluminum sheet alloys (Al 5182 containing 1% Mn (5182+Mn), Al 5754, and 6111-T4) using a heated die and punch in the warm forming temperature range of 200–350 °C. It is found that, while all three alloys exhibit significant improvement in their formability compared with that at room temperature, the non-heat-treatable alloys 5182 + Mn and 5754 give higher part depths than that of heat-treatable 6111-T4. The formability generally increases with decreasing BHP (BHP), but increasing the forming temperature and/or BHP minimizes the wrinkling tendency and improves the forming performance. The stretchability of the sheet alloys increase with increasing temperature and increasing BHP. For the alloys and forming conditions involved in the current study, the formability, measured in terms of part depth, comes mainly from the drawing of metal into the die cavity, although stretching effects do influence the overall forming behavior. The optimum formability is achieved by setting the die temperature 50 °C higher than the punch temperature to enhance the drawing component. Setting the die temperature higher than the punch temperature also improves the strain distribution in a part in such a manner that postpones necking and fracture by altering the location of greatest thinning.     

含Ti微合金钢动态再结晶行为及模型研究

采用Gleeble 3800热力模拟实验机,研究了一种Ti微合金钢在850～1 150℃、0.1和1.0 s-1条件下的变形奥氏体的动态再结晶行为及再结晶后奥氏体晶粒尺寸的演化规律。结果表明:形变激活能与变形条件相关,随着应变速率的增加而增加;Avrami指数m同样与变形条件有关;对实验数据进行回归分析后建立的Ti微合金钢动态再结晶的特征应变、特征应力、动力学以及稳定状态晶粒尺寸的数学模型精度较高。     

分形及分维在单轴向三维编织复合材料拉伸实验中的应用

基于分形几何的计盒维数研究了三维编织复合材料拉伸实验的断裂样照,结果表明,该材料的断裂曲线具有统计自相似性,在不同的尺度范围内具有不同的空间分布格局;而计盒维数定量地表征了其尺度变化规律;准静态和低应变率加载条件下材料的分维数较大,表明其空间占据程度较大,曲线弯曲结构复杂,这是因为低应变率加载时材料内部结构断裂时间不同造成;而高应变率加载时,断裂曲线分维数较小,曲线空间占据小,弯曲结构比较简单,这是由高应变率加载时材料内部结构断裂时间差异缩小造成。     

Numerical Analysis of the Constrained Blister Test

The constrained blister test is investigated through finite element analysis to determine the applicabilities and the limitations of the new technique. Numerical results confirm that the strain energy release rate asymptotically approaches a constant value. These results also show that the test technique and the approximate solution for strain energy release rate are applicable for some practical cases.     

基于等幅周期荷载下软岩Bingham本构模型的研究

为建立一种描述等幅周期荷载下软岩应变特性的本构模型,将Bingham模型中的常值黏壶元件替换成与循环次数相关的变系数黏壶元件,常值弹性元件替换为随周期荷载循环次数的增大而衰减的非定值弹性元件,即可得到反映周期荷载下软岩各种应变规律的Bingham本构模型。当循环荷载应力上限值σmax大于岩石的临界强度σs时,模型为可反映软岩3个应变阶段的改进4参数Bingam模型;反之则为反映软岩前两个应变阶段的非常值2参数Hook模型。将周期荷载分解为一个定值荷载和一个平均应力值为零的周期荷载,基于流变力学理论给出了定值荷载作用下基于该模型的本构方程式,再根据黏弹性力学理论,给出了平均应力值为零的周期荷载下基于该模型的本构方程式,最后将已获得的本构方程式叠加即得到周期荷载下软岩本构方程式。结果表明:所建立的本构方程式可较好描述周期荷载下不同软岩各类应变特征,对各类软岩的应变曲线拟合的相关系数均在0.868以上,且同一种岩石模型中弹性元件系数初始值随周期荷载的动应力幅值的增大而减小,岩石加速应变速率参数随动应力幅值的增大而增大。     

Entanglement Loss in Fast-Flowing Entangled Polymer: Numerical Simulation of The Short-Chain Behavior and Interpretation of Phenomenology

Although some of the important consequences of flow-induced entanglement loss in entangled polymer rheology have recently been recognized, this specific molecular mechanism has rarely been investigated quantitatively based on experiments or molecular theories. For the first time, the amount of entanglement loss of a short entangled linear polymer (i.e., seven entanglements per chain at equilibrium) during fast-flow deformation is directly tracked in the stochastic simulation of an existing reptation model. The primary finding is that significant entanglement loss is observed in both fast elongation and fast shearing, and, contrary to some earlier conjectures, is particularly pronounced in elongational flow when polymer chain stretching formally commences. Furthermore, according to the current simulation in which three different CCR (Convective Constraint Release) schemes are considered, entanglement loss appears to have very prominent effects on the elongational rheology of an entangled linear polymer – an observation that had rarely been recognized or considered before. On the other hand, the currently explored features of flow-induced entanglement loss are tentatively linked to a wide variety of peculiar empirical properties of temporarily entangled polymer liquids. In particular, we are thus able to provide a consistent molecular explanation of the fairly well-known phenomenological effects of polydispersity and long-chain branching leading to a pronounced strain-hardening phenomenon, in view of two newly proposed effects of heterogeneous relaxations in preventing, directly or indirectly, fast entanglement loss during flows.     

强震区土石坝筑坝材料动力特性试验研究(投稿研究生论坛)

土石坝筑坝材料的动力特性是进行坝工设计和动力评价的基础。以西部强震区某土石坝工程为研究对象,采用室内动三轴试验,对其坝壳料、心墙料和坝基断层料进行动力特性试验研究,并以Hardin-Drnevich模型为基础,确定筑坝材料的动弹模、阻尼比等特性参数,试验表明：在动应变在10-6 ～ 10-5 范围内,动模量与围压、固结比成正相关;随动模量的增大,相关性降低;动应变和振级的拟合指数模型则表明不同围压、固结比的心墙料的应变-振级曲线趋势一致,坝壳料较为离散;试验中固结围压对粗骨料阻尼比-应变曲线的影响较固结比大,可为强震区土石坝的动力稳定评价提供可靠的理论依据。     

2种高剪切搅拌器流动特性的CFD模拟

采用计算流体力学模拟方法对2种用于分散混合过程的高剪切搅拌器的流动特性进行研究分析,分别是转子定子搅拌器(RS)和多级叶轮式搅拌釜(CF)。本文从流场细节和功率消耗方面对其进行考察研究,从而为解释搅拌器中气泡的分散混合过程提供理论依据。模拟结果表明,在RS中流体大致呈周向流动,且剪切速率分布相对较为均匀,较高剪切速率不仅出现在转子到壁面的径向间隙处,而且出现在转子与定子之间的轴向间隙处:而在CF中,流体呈现较为明显的旋转流动,且剪切速率分布没有RS均匀,较高的剪切速率只出现在叶轮与壁面的径向间隙处。在相同转速下,虽然这2种搅拌器所形成的平均剪切速率差别不大,但CF中所形成的最大剪切速率大于RS,这也意味着相同操作条件下CF中所能形成的气泡尺寸更小,这与实验结果是一致的。对于这2种搅拌器,在层流区功率准数与搅拌雷诺数都成反比,且CFD模拟计算得到的结果与根据实验得到的关联式的结果基本一致。然而CF的功率消耗高于RS的功率消耗。     

Failure load prediction of structural adhesive joints : Part 2: Experimental study

The objective of this study was to determine how the fracture of adhesive joints depends on elastic beam parameters describing the adherends and the applied loads. The basic specimen geometry was the cracked lap shear joint constructed of aluminium alloy with various adherend and bondline thicknesses. Loads were applied in different combinations of bending, tension and shear to generate a failure envelope for each adhesive and specimen geometry. It was found that crack propagation for precracked specimens occured at a critical strain energy release rate but was also a function of the G_I/G_II ratio and the bondline thickness. The experiments also showed that the loads required to propagate a crack in a precracked specimen were always lower than the loads required to break the fillet. Hence, by treating uncracked joints as being cracked, where the fictitious crack tip is assumed to coincide with the location of the fillet, a conservative estimate of the failure load is obtained.     

高分子聚合物约束阻尼复合结构的计算

摘 要 论述了高分子聚合物约束阻尼复合结构损耗因子的有限元计算方法，并详细研究了模态应变能法的理论分析及其在ANSYS软件上计算约束阻尼复合结构损耗因子的计算程序。