Investigation on experimental method of low-impedance materials using modified Hopkinson pressure bar

To increase the detectability of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) of low-impedance materials, modifications were conducted on traditional SHPB apparatus with a PMMA tube to output transmitted signal, and weak signals were further amplified by semiconductor strain gauges. Experiments on soft rubbers and cushioning foam materials were carried out. In order to analyze the accuracy of the experimental results, the stress equilibrium issues involved in the assumptions of SHPB were investigated. First, by way of re-constructing loading process of incident wave, the stress-strain curve was obtained, along with the stress equilibrium ratio of specimen. Secondly, the influences on the accuracy of stress-strain curves were investigated through the elastic modulus comparisons. And the results illustrate that the bilinear incident wave from experiments can ensure the stress equilibrium deformation of specimen after 2 normalized times, much sooner than ramp incident waves. Moreover, it even facilitates specimen deformation with a constant strain rate. The results confirm that the detectability of the modified SHPB can be down to tens kPa with enough accuracy level.     

混杂PVA-ECC配合比优化设计及力学性能试验研究

为了降低工程用水泥基复合材料(ECC, Engineered Cementitious Composites)制造成本,使ECC能够在实际工程中大规模应用,将中国产PVA纤维和日本产PVA纤维以一定的比例混合,配制混杂PVA-ECC。基于ECC的材料设计理论,兼顾抗压强度和受拉能力,对掺有硅粉的混杂PVA-ECC中的纤维体积含量进行了优化设计。通过四点弯曲试验和轴心抗压试验,研究了混杂PVA-ECC在不同龄期下的弯曲性能和抗压性能。试验结果表明,混杂PVA-ECC试件均表现出明显的应变硬化和多缝开裂的特征,此外,其抗压强度后期增长明显。基于UM法,提出一种改进的反分析方法,可利用四点弯曲试验结果推导ECC的极限拉伸应变,并与试验结果进行了比较,结果表明,通过建议的反分析方法得到的预测值与试验值吻合较好。     

各向异性砂土剪切带角度的理论分析

针对平面应变条件下各向异性砂土剪切带角度的试验规律,采用传统的3种理论和分叉理论进行对比分析。将平面应变条件下剪切带角度的试验结果按照传统3种理论整理发现,尽管传统3种理论可以估算同种砂剪切带角度的极小、中间和极大值,但无法解释其各向异性规律。砂土在平面应变条件下破坏时会产生明显的剪切带,当剪切带方向和砂土沉积面方向接近时,会较早诱发剪切带的产生,使材料强度降低,造成了平面应变条件下各向异性强度规律明显不同于常规三轴条件下的试验规律,采用分叉理论结合各向异性模型则可以有效解释这个规律。随砂土沉积面角度的变化,模型可以从细观角度解释常规三轴条件下剪切带角度的单调变化的试验规律,结合分叉理论可以描述平面应变条件下其先减小然后增大的规律。通过几种理论对比分析表明,模型结合分叉理论不但能够描述多种应力状态下的平面应变和常规三轴应力条件下剪切带角度表现的不同规律,而且能够从细观角度解释其各向异性成因。     

不同温度下AZ31镁合金绝热剪切变形局域化

为了了解镁合金在不同温度高应变率载荷作用下发生变形局域化的特点,进而揭示镁合金在高速冲击载荷作用下发生绝热剪切的特殊规律,采用分离式Hopkinson压杆对挤压态AZ31镁合金进行了常温及高温的高速冲击压缩试验,而后对不同温度冲击后的试样通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜进行变形机制的分析.结果表明:常温下试样在受到剪切力后,在剪切区的裂纹周围产生了大量的孪晶;高温下试样的剪切区内产生了明显的绝热剪切带,并且在剪切带周围发现了大量平行的孪晶.在TEM下观察到剪切带内为等轴晶晶粒,在剪切区内发生了动态再结晶过程.     

小湾拱坝应力监测资料分析

小湾水电站以发电为主,兼顾防洪、灌溉和库区水运等.坝址处河谷基本对称,河谷深切呈"V"字型.为深入研究小湾拱坝坝体的动、静工作性态,对小湾拱坝坝体进行应力监测;根据应力监测资料进行徐变应力计算,得到实际应力,然后利用作图、特征值统计等定性时空分析方法推断出大坝应力无明显异常;通过分析统计结果以及压应力变量分离模型得到了应力的统计模型.     

易碎弹复合材料动态特性数值研究

利用Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB）实验装置获取复合材料易碎弹试件的动态力学特性,并应用LS-DYNA软件对SHPB实验过程进行数值模拟.结合SHPB应力波理论,研究不同撞击速度对试件破坏程度、压杆轴向应变波形以及试件动态力学特性的影响.仿真结果表明：试件仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合,说明SHPB实验仿真是可行的;试件的破坏程度随着撞击速度的增大而显著,但压杆轴向应变波形以及试件动态力学特性随着撞击速度的增大变化不明显.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的轮荷测量仪电测系统开发

依据电阻应变测量原理,应用机电一体化技术,开发测量汽车轮荷的测量仪电测系统.该系统由数采硬件电路和上位机车辆轮荷测量系统软件组成.应变传感器测得的电压信号,先后经过调理电路、A/D转换电路和光电隔离电路,传输给MCU.通过串口通信协议,MCU与上位机轮荷测量系统间进行指令和数据的传输,数据经过存储和运算处理后,通过上位机系统面板把轮荷值传达给用户,并将结果储存到PC机中.采用砝码加载,在可倾斜卡具上对测量仪进行了实验标定.根据实验数据算得测量仪的非线性误差为±0.72%,重复性误差为±1.37%,迟滞性误差为±1.47%,灵敏度误差为±1.67%,最终得到综合误差为±2.71%,满足轮荷测量仪预期设计的测量精度和功能要求.     

Crack growth angle prediction of an internal crack under mixed mode load for unfilled elastomer using the strain energy density factor

This article investigates the prediction of the crack growth angle of an existing internal crack under mixed mode loading at the crack tip for an unfilled ethylene propylene diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM). For the realization of mixed mode loading, the cracks of the uniaxial loaded specimens were oriented with different angles to the loading direction. The energy density factor was used as a potential criterion for determining the crack growth angle. The determination of the strain energy density factor was carried out simulatively in Abaqus. The second-order Ogden model was used to describe the rubber-like material behavior. The relative local minimum of the strain energy density factor provides the possible growth angle. The experimental investigations show that the initial cracks grow orthogonally to the loading direction for the different crack orientation angles. For the crack orientation angle parallel to the load direction, the crack growth was observed because the strong stretching of the specimen caused strong necking in the crack region. The crack growth for the remaining crack orientation angles were induced due to shear loading at the crack tip. The predictive angle of different crack orientation angles shows very good accordance to the measured crack growth angles.     

新颖的绕线拉紧装置

本文介绍一种新型适用的线圈绕制中的线材拉紧装置，并将其与传统的拉紧装置进行比较，得出各自的优缺点。     

Dynamic hardness of detonation sprayed WC-Co coatings

The objective of the present work was to determine the dynamic hardness of WC-Co coatings from the dynamic hardness of the coating substrate system. It was also the purpose of this work to evaluate the influence of coating composition, coating thickness, and substrate materials on the dynamic hardness of the coating. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, WC-12%Co and WC-17%Co coatings were deposited by detonation spraying on three different substrate materials: mild steel, commercially pure (CP) aluminum, and CP titanium. The dynamic hardness of the coating/substrate composite was evaluated by a drop weight system. The dynamic hardness of the coating independent of the substrate was determined from the dynamic hardness of the coating/substrate composite.