天然“药品”——蜂胶

主要介绍了蜂胶的营养成分、分类、质量标准、提取方式及保健功能。     

Key processing with control vectors

A method is presented for controlling cryptographic key usage based on control vectors. Each cryptographic key has an associated control vector that defines the permitted uses of the key within the cryptographic system. At key generation, the control vector is cryptographically coupled to the key by way of a special encryption process. Each encrypted key and control vector are stored and distributed within the cryptographic system as a single token. Decryption of a key requires respecification of the control vector. As part of the decryption process, the cryptographic hardware verifies that the requested use of the key is authorized by the control vector. This article focuses mainly on the use of control vectors in cryptosystems based on the Data Encryption Algorithm.     

Ultrahigh-performance FFTs for the CRAY-2 and CRAY Y-MP supercomputers

In this paper a set of techniques for improving the performance of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm on modern vector-oriented supercomputers is presented. Single-processor FFT implementations based on these techniques are developed for the CRAY-2 and the CRAY Y-MP, and it is shown that they achieve higher performance than previously measured on these machines. The techniques include (1) using gather/scatter operations to maintain optimum length vectors throughout all stages of small-to medium-sized FFTs, (2) using efficient radix-8 and radix-16 inner loops, which allow a large number of vector loads/stores to be overlapped, and (3) prefetching twiddle factors as vectors so that on the CRAY-2 they can later be fetched from local memory in parallel with common memory accesses. Performance results for Fortran implementations using these techniques demonstrate that they are faster than Cray's library FFT routine CFFT2. The actual speedups obtained, which depend on the size of the FFT being computed and the supercomputer being used, range from about 5 to over 300%.     

Non-parametric empirical Bayes procedure

In this paper we introduce an empirical Bayes procedure for estimating an unknown parameter, say θ. This procedure gives the empirical Bayes estimator for θ and its associated minimum posterior risk in closed forms without estimating the unknown prior density function of θ. In such procedure the posterior probability density function of θ is not required. A sufficient statistic for θ with conditional probability density function in the one parameter exponential family is required. Instead of estimating the unknown prior density function, the marginal density function of the sufficient statistic must be estimated. As special cases the empirical Bayes estimators and their respective minimum posterior risks of the failure rate for the exponential distribution, the unknown scale parameters of Weibull and gamma distributions are obtained in simple forms as special cases. Numerical results and a simulation study are introduced to (i) investigate how the number of available past experiments and the sample size of each influence the accuracy of the empirical Bayes estimator, (ii) make a comparison between the presented procedure and the Bayes procedure when the prior probability density function of the parameter θ is gamma.     

Reliability and stability of executive functioning in older adults.

A number of methodological questions have been raised about the reliability and validity of measuring executive functioning (EF) across multiple time points. In this study, correlational and latent-variable analyses were used to examine test-retest reliability of 5 common measures of EF and the stability of a latent EF construct. One hundred eighteen nondemented older adults were tested twice over a 4- to 8-week period. Findings demonstrated modest reliability of individual EF measures but very high stability of a latent EF construct. Relative contributions of each measure to the latent EF factor did not change across measurement trials. In addition, age-related effects on EF were similar at the 2 time points and were within the expected range. Implications for future studies of EF are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高沸石配比陶瓷纤维复合纸制备中助留剂的选择

考察了沸石复合纸板制备中助留剂对无机物留着的影响。结果表明,PDADMAC或A-PAM单元体系、PVAm/A-PAM二元助留体系的作用效果差,PDADMAC/A-PAM二元助留体系的留着效果显著,PDADMAC的相对分子质量对留着效果的影响不大,PDADMAC与A-PAM的电荷量比是决定无机物留着的主要因素,本研究的条件下,最佳正负电荷量比为3.0～5.0。     

A general variance predictor for Cavalieri slices

A general variance predictor is presented for a Cavalieri design with slices of an arbitrary thickness t ≥ 0. So far, prediction formulae have been available either for measurement functions with smoothness constant q = 0, 1, … , and t ≥ 0, or for fractional q ∈ [0, 1] with t = 0. Because the possibility of using a fractional q adds flexibility to the variance prediction, we have extended the latter for any q ∈ [0, 1] and t ≥ 0. Empirical checks with previously published human brain data suggest an improved performance of the new prediction formula with respect to the hitherto available ones.     

Prediction of foam growth and its nucleation in free and limited expansion

The influence volume approach (IVA) is often utilized for modeling the mass transfer process dictating bubble growth dynamics in physical foaming. However, the assumed concentration profile in the IVA method is only valid when the changes in dissolved gas concentration are small (less than 5%). In addition, the validity of the IVA method is difficult to justify in chemical foaming applications because of the difficulties involved in defining the dissolved gas concentration profile.In the present work, we define two distinct stages of bubble growth for physical foaming. These two stages are termed as free and limited expansion and are controlled by the bubble nucleation rate. Bubble nucleation is assumed to occur only in the free expansion stage. In this stage, the bubble pressure drops substantially from an initially high pressure in the supersaturated state while the dissolved gas concentration changes very little. The second stage of our two-stage mass transfer model is termed the limited expansion stage and accounts for bubble growth in the late stages of foam evolution, when the pressure changes become small. However, in the limited stage of bubble growth the dissolved gas concentration drops significantly, as the available dissolved gas is depleted. To summarize our two-stage mass transfer model of foam expansion, the pressure difference between the bubble phase and the liquid phase is the primary mechanism for driving mass transfer in the early (free) stages of foam growth and the concentration difference is the driver for bubble growth in the late (limited) stages of growth. The first stage can be regarded as the nucleation stage and it is relatively short; while the second stage can be regarded as the bubble growth stage and is much longer. Most of the bubble volume expansion takes place in the second stage.The concentration gradient at the bubble edge, which is often ignored in other models, is analyzed in detail in this paper. The details of our novel mass transfer model are also presented.     

有源滤波器的设计

首先阐明有源滤波器的基本概念和传递函数,然后着重介绍具有低灵敏度的GIC型双运放电路和在较高频率时应用的开关电容滤波器,最后举例说明它们的应用.     

A new voltage control equipment using fuzzy inference

Power system control equipment needs higher sensitivity and operational reliability. Advanced voltage control equipment is needed for reducing the frequency of tap changes and improving the characteristics (the relationship between the actual voltage and reference voltage) of the voltage to meet today's power system requirements. However, these objectives are in a trade-off relationship. Studies of voltage control derived from a knowledge base suitable for electric power systems can satisfy these objectives using fuzzy inference. Compared with corresponding conventional equipment, the new equipment improved the deviation of 30 min average voltage of 30 percent. This paper describes the design concept of new voltage control equipment using fuzzy inference. In addition, field test results are described along with rules of fuzzy inference, membership functions, and the deviation of 30 min average voltage through detailed simulation.