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81.
82.
Hui Li Li Luo Yayun Wang Junjie Zhang Yubi Huang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(15)
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a nonreceptor serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in diverse processes, including cell development, photomorphogenesis, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. In contrast with the deeply researched GSK family in Arabidopsis and rice, maize GSKs’ common bioinformatic features and protein functions are poorly understood. In this study, we identified 11 GSK genes in the maize (Zea mays L.) genome via homologous alignment, which we named Zeama;GSKs (ZmGSKs). The results of ZmGSK protein sequences, conserved motifs, and gene structures showed high similarities with each other. The phylogenetic analyses showed that a total of 11 genes from maize were divided into four clades. Furthermore, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the GSKs genes showed that ZmGSK1, ZmGSK2, ZmGSK4, ZmGSK5, ZmGSK8, ZmGSK9, ZmGSK10, and ZmGSK11 were expressed in all tissues; ZmGSK3, ZmGSK6, and ZmGSK7 were expressed in a specific organization. In addition, GSK expression profiles under hormone treatments demonstrated that the ZmGSK genes were induced under BR conditions, except for ZmGSK2 and ZmGSK5. ZmGSK genes were regulated under ABA conditions, except for ZmGSK1 and ZmGSK8. Finally, using the yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assay, we determined that clads II (ZmGSK1, ZmGSK4, ZmGSK7, ZmGSK8, and ZmGSK11) could interact with ZmBZR1. The results suggest that clade II of ZmGSKs is important for BR signaling and that ZmGSK1 may play a dominant role in BR signaling as the counterpart to BIN2. This study provides a foundation for the further study of GSK3 functions and could be helpful in devising strategies for improving maize. 相似文献
83.
Weizeng Lv Xue He Haojuan Guo Haibin Lan Yanqing Jiao Le Li Yanhao Lian Zhiqiang Wang Zeyu Xin Yongzhe Ren Tongbao Lin 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat. 相似文献
84.
Amaya Urdnoz-Casado Javier Snchez-Ruiz de Gordoa Maitane Robles Miren Roldan María Victoria Zelaya Idoia Blanco-Luquin Maite Mendioroz 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Genetic variants in TREM2, a microglia-related gene, are well-known risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we report that TREM2 originates from circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of non-coding RNAs characterized by a covalent and stable closed-loop structure. First, divergent primers were designed to amplify circRNAs by RT-PCR, which were further assessed by Sanger sequencing. Then, additional primer sets were used to confirm back-splicing junctions. In addition, HMC3 cells were used to assess the microglial expression of circTREM2s. Three candidate circTREM2s were identified in control and AD human entorhinal samples. One of the circRNAs, circTREM2_1, was consistently amplified by all divergent primer sets in control and AD entorhinal cortex samples as well as in HMC3 cells. In AD cases, a moderate negative correlation (r = −0.434) was found between the global average area of Aβ deposits in the entorhinal cortex and circTREM2_1 expression level. In addition, by bioinformatics tools, a total of 16 miRNAs were predicted to join with circTREM2s. Finally, TREM2 mRNA corresponding to four isoforms was profiled by RT-qPCR. TREM2 mRNA levels were found elevated in entorhinal samples of AD patients with low or intermediate ABC scores compared to controls. To sum up, a novel circRNA derived from the TREM2 gene, circTREM2_1, has been identified in the human entorhinal cortex and TREM2 mRNA expression has been detected to increase in AD compared to controls. Unraveling the molecular genetics of the TREM2 gene may help to better know the innate immune response in AD. 相似文献
85.
Well‐Defined Protein‐Based Supramolecular Nanoparticles with Excellent MRI Abilities for Multifunctional Delivery Systems 下载免费PDF全文
Huimin Yuan Chen Xu Yu Zhao Bingran Yu Gang Cheng Fu‐Jian Xu 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(17):2855-2865
Protein‐based nanoparticles are widely used for effective biomedical applications. The objective of this work is to design series of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐visible cationic supramolecular nanoparticles (PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd3+) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β‐cyclodextrin‐cored star ethanolamine‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (CD‐PGEA) in the presence of Gd3+ ions for multifunctional delivery systems. CD‐PGEA is prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization and ring‐opening reaction. It is found that in the absence of Gd3+ ions, CD‐PGEA does not well interact with adamantine‐modified BSA (BSA‐Ad). The well‐defined PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd3+ supramolecular nanoparticles could be produced through the synergistic actions of the host–guest and electrostatic self‐assemblies by mixing aqueous solutions of CD‐PGEA, BSA‐Ad, and Gd3+. In comparison with CD‐PGEA assembly units, such kinds of uniform PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd3+ supramolecular nanoparticles exhibit better pDNA condensation ability, lower cytotoxicity, higher gene transfection, and easier cellular uptake. In addition, PGEA@BSA‐Ad/Gd3+ also produces outstanding MRI abilities, much better than Magnevist (Gd‐diethylenetriaminepentacetate acid). The present design of protein–polymer supramolecular nanoparticles with MRI contrast agents would provide a new way for multifunctional gene/drug delivery systems. 相似文献
86.
Marleen Julia Meyer Simon Falk Sarah Rmer Clarissa Prinzinger Sabine Tacke Joachim Geyer Stefan Simm Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
OCT1 and OCT2 are polyspecific membrane transporters that are involved in hepatic and renal drug clearance in humans and mice. In this study, we cloned dog OCT1 and OCT2 and compared their function to the human and mouse orthologs. We used liver and kidney RNA to clone dog OCT1 and OCT2. The cloned and the publicly available RNA-Seq sequences differed from the annotated exon-intron structure of OCT1 in the dog genome CanFam3.1. An additional exon between exons 2 and 3 was identified and confirmed by sequencing in six additional dog breeds. Next, dog OCT1 and OCT2 were stably overexpressed in HEK293 cells and the transport kinetics of five drugs were analyzed. We observed strong differences in the transport kinetics between dog and human orthologs. Dog OCT1 transported fenoterol with 12.9-fold higher capacity but 14.3-fold lower affinity (higher KM) than human OCT1. Human OCT1 transported ipratropium with 5.2-fold higher capacity but 8.4-fold lower affinity than dog OCT1. Compared to human OCT2, dog OCT2 showed 10-fold lower transport of fenoterol and butylscopolamine. In conclusion, the functional characterization of dog OCT1 and OCT2 reported here may have implications when using dogs as pre-clinical models as well as for drug therapy in dogs. 相似文献
87.
88.
基于遗传算法的小波神经网络 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍小波神经网络的基本原理.利用遗传算法来优化小波神经网络,达到提高逼近精度,简化网络结构,提高收敛速度的目的.通过实验将其与传统的小波神经网络进行比较,证实前者具有更优的网络结构,更高的逼近精度. 相似文献
89.
Wanlu Zhang Qi Yuan Yiduo Wu Jing Zhang Jingtao Nie 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
The NBS-LRR (NLR) gene family plays a pivotal role in regulating disease defense response in plants. Cucumber is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world, and various plant diseases, including powdery mildew (PM), cause severe losses in both cucumber productivity and quality annually. To characterize and understand the role of the CC-NBS-LRR(CNL) family of genes in disease defense response in cucumber plants, we performed bioinformatical analysis to characterize these genes systematically. We identified 33 members of the CNL gene family in cucumber plants, and they are distributed on each chromosome with chromosome 4 harboring the largest cluster of five different genes. The corresponding CNL family member varies in the number of amino acids and exons, molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point (pI) and subcellular localization. Cis-acting element analysis of the CNL genes reveals the presence of multiple phytohormone, abiotic and biotic responsive elements in their promoters, suggesting that these genes might be responsive to plant hormones and stress. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis indicated that the CNL proteins are conserved evolutionarily in different plant species, and they can be divided into four subfamilies based on their conserved domains. MEME analysis and multiple sequence alignment showed that conserved motifs exist in the sequence of CNLs. Further DNA sequence analysis suggests that CsCNL genes might be subject to the regulation of different miRNAs upon PM infection. By mining available RNA-seq data followed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, we characterized expression patterns of the CNL genes, and found that those genes exhibit a temporospatial expression pattern, and their expression is also responsive to PM infection, ethylene, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate treatment in cucumber plants. Finally, the CNL genes targeted by miRNAs were predicted in cucumber plants. Our results in this study provided some basic information for further study of the functions of the CNL gene family in cucumber plants. 相似文献
90.
基因序列数据中往往存在大量的非编码和缺失序列,现有的基因序列表示大多通过人工方法对高维的基因序列进行特征提取,不仅非常耗时且成功的预测很大程度依赖于生物学知识的正确利用.基于病毒传播网络构建了一种基于图上下文信息的基因序列表示方法,对目标节点病毒序列进行编码后,使用注意力机制对其邻居节点的序列信息进行聚合,从而得到目标节点病毒序列的新的低维表示.进而依据病毒传播网络中相邻节点的基因序列相似性高于不相邻节点的特征,对基因序列表示模型进行优化,训练后得到的新的表示不仅可以有效表达基因序列的特征,同时极大地降低了序列的维度,提高了计算效率.分别在仿真病毒传播网络、新型冠状病毒和艾滋病毒传播网络数据上训练基因序列表示模型,并在相应的网络上进行未采样感染者发现任务.实验结果充分验证了模型的有效性,与其他方法的比较证明了模型的高效性,模型可以有效地在病毒传播网络上发现未采样感染者,这在流行病调查领域也具有一定的实际意义. 相似文献