黑色素-纳米硒的制备及其性质

以黑芝麻黑色素为模板剂和还原剂制备黑色素-纳米硒,对黑色素-纳米硒的制备工艺进行优化,并表征其结构和形貌,之后进一步探讨其缓释特性、体外抗氧化能力,评价其对红细胞和内皮细胞EAhy926氧化损伤的保护作用,通过肺癌细胞A549模型和海虾致死实验探讨其抑癌活性和生物相容性。结果表明黑色素-纳米硒合成的最适条件为：0.3 mg/mL黑色素溶液与0.555 mg/mL二氧化硒溶液体积比为9∶5,反应pH 7,40℃避光磁力搅拌(400 r/min)反应5 h。X射线光电子能谱结果表明Se⁴⁺可被全部还原。红外结果表明黑色素结构中羧基及共轭结构可能参与了反应。同步光散射仪表征黑色素-纳米硒粒径约为200 nm,性质稳定,能较好地分布于水分散体系中。黑色素-纳米硒在人工模拟胃液环境中可稳定存在2 h,具有一定的pH值稳定性,在人工模拟肠液环境中可缓慢释放,能实现在肠液中的长效缓释。体外抗氧化结果表明黑色素-纳米硒对2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除率和总还原力显著优于二氧化硒。黑色素-纳米硒能显著抑制H₂O₂     

沸石粉对PP中VOC散发性能的影响

报道了利用沸石粉减少聚丙烯(PP)中挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的方法.通过调整烘烤、挤出工艺等方法优化了PP中VOC散发性能,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对结果进行表征.结果表明,将PP以110℃烘烤18 h,并与2份沸石粉共混后在挤出机内210℃下真空挤出是最佳挤出工艺.在该条件下,PP中TVOC散发浓度在10307μg/m3左右,表明该方法具有一定的开发价值.     

湖泊沉积物对磷的释放与吸附研究

研究了洞庭湖和太湖沉积物磷的释放、吸附动力学和吸附等温线,结果表明洞庭湖沉积物释磷量大于太湖,这与洞庭湖沉积物具有更多的铁结合态磷（Fe-P）、弱吸附态磷（Ads-P）和有机磷（Org-P）有关。沉积物对磷的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程;洞庭湖沉积物的最大吸附量与最大缓冲容量均大于太湖,平衡吸附系数小于太湖沉积物;沉积物对磷的吸附动力学符合Elovich方程,且在12h内基本上达到动态平衡。     

控释尿素在冬小麦上的一次性施肥研究

在驻马店市地力为中、低水平的砂姜黑土上进行冬小麦田间试验,研究控施尿素在小麦上一次性施肥技术。结果表明:两个试验点产量最高的为控释尿素A(一次性基施处理),达到7 500.4 kg/hm~2和8 145.1 kg/hm~2,与等氮量处理相比提高了180.1 kg/hm~2和224.9 kg/hm~2;在最佳施氮量的基础上减施20%的氮肥,与农民习惯施肥相比产量差异不显著,总体表现为不降低冬小麦产量,降低了施肥次数和劳动强度。     

压敏胶标签防黏纸的发展与应用

概述了压敏胶标签常用的防黏纸基材及防黏剂的种类、性能和应用现状,目前防黏纸的涂布工艺,并分析了未来的发展趋势。     

固相微萃取-气质联用分析贵州沙姜挥发性成分

本文采用固相微萃取-气质联用技术分析了贵州沙姜的挥发性成分,同时,采用相应技术及傅立叶变换红外将所得主要成分与广西沙姜的成分进行了比较。结果发现:贵州沙姜的挥发性成分不同于广西沙姜,主要为爱草脑,其次是2,4,6,7,8,8a-六氢-3,8-二甲基-4(1-甲基亚乙基)-5(1H)-薁酮和塞舌尔烯。采用峰面积归一化法,对匹配度大于90%的可检索组分进行了统计和分析,结果表明:从贵州沙姜中鉴别出的挥发性成分共47个,三主要成分含量占总体的绝大多数,爱草脑、2,4,6,7,8,8a-六氢-3,8-二甲基-4(1-甲基亚乙基)-5(1H)-薁酮和塞舌尔烯的含量分别为61.53%、15.54%和7.19%;鉴别出的47个挥发性成分的分布是醚类4个、酮类3个、萜类28个、酚类3个、醇类2个、酯类2个、醛类2个、烃类3个,其中醚类、酮类、萜类化合物的含量较高,分别为62.22%、15.83%、13.68%。     

Comparative Coreflood Studies for Precipitation and Adsorption Squeeze with PPCA as the Scales Inhibitor

Comparative adsorption and precipitation squeezes carried out on field core materials demonstrate that significant lifetime enhancement is achievable for precipitation squeeze with respect to more conventional adsorption squeeze. Coreflood tests have been carried out under reservoir conditions (135°C) employing a poly-phosphinocarboxylate (PPCA) as the scales inhibitor. Field treatment simulations, carried out starting from coreflood data and considering the characteristics of a North Sea formation taken as the reference, confirmed the higher performance, in term of squeeze lifetime, of the precipitation squeeze with respect to adsorption. The results pointed out the importance of choosing the appropriate formulation once the operative conditions are known, in order to promote the inhibitor precipitation into the formation. Some implications of these results for the optimization of the precipitation squeeze technology for field applications, with particular emphasis to formation damage, are also discussed.     

Polymeric sodium alginate interpenetrating network beads for the controlled release of chlorpyrifos

Novel polymeric sodium alginate (Na‐Alg) interpenetrating network (IPN) beads have been prepared by crosslinking Na‐Alg blend with gelatin (GE) or egg albumin (EA) using glutaraldehyde (GA) as the crosslinking agent. These beads were used for the controlled release of chlorpyrifos. The swelling experiments were performed in water at different temperatures, and these data were used to calculate the molecular mass (M_C) between crosslinks as well as diffusion coefficients. Diffusion coefficients calculated from desorption data were lower by about two orders of magnitude than those calculated from sorption results. Higher values of M_C were obtained for the gelatin‐based IPNs than the neat Na‐Alg and egg albumin‐based matrices. Size of the beads did not vary significantly either by the network or by increasing the exposure time to the crosslinking agent. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to understand the surface characteristics of the beads. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated a molecular level dispersion of chlorpyrifos in the polymer matrix. The percentage entrapment efficiency showed a dependence on the type of network polymer as well as time of exposure to the crosslinking agent. The encapsulation efficiency decreased with an increase in time of exposure to the crosslinking agent. In vitro release experiments have been performed to follow the release kinetics of chlorpyrifos from the matrices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 911–918, 2002