挤压处理下组织化核桃蛋白品质变化

作为核桃制油副产物的核桃蛋白是一种优质植物蛋白,核桃蛋白高值化利用,对核桃产业可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究采用挤压法对核桃蛋白进行组织化,考察挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白色泽、质构特性和组织化度的影响。通过采用单因素法,研究了挤压温度、水分含量、螺杆转速、喂料速度和冷却温度5个挤压工艺参数对组织化核桃蛋白的影响。根据单因素试验结果,选择挤压温度、水分含量和喂料速度三个参数为响应面实验的试验因素,以组织化度为响应值,应用响应面分析法对挤压工艺参数进行优化,得到了最优挤压工艺参数为挤压温度141 ℃,水分含量52.7%,螺杆转速160 r/min,喂料速度26 g/min,冷却温度65 ℃,此时组织化度为1.209。该研究为核桃蛋白基素肉开发奠定了基础。     

核桃仁去种皮方法的探究与开发

本文对目前已有的核桃内种皮去除技术进行了简要介绍,分析探讨了每种核桃内种皮去皮技术的特点,并提出了一种新的核桃内种皮去除技术,以期为核桃产业综合发展提供参考.     

Adhesive properties of water-washed cottonseed meal on four types of wood

The interest in natural product-based wood adhesives has been steadily increasing due to the environmental and sustainable concerns of petroleum-based adhesives. In this work, we reported our research on the utilization of water-washed cottonseed meal (WCM) as wood adhesives. The adhesive strength and water resistance of WCM adhesive preparations on poplar, Douglas fir, walnut, and white oak wood veneers were tested with press temperatures of 80, 100, and 130 °C. Our data indicated that raising the hot press temperature from 80 to 100–130 °C greatly increased the bonding strength and water resistance of the WCM adhesives. The general trend of the adhesive strength of WCM on the four wood species was Douglas fir > poplar ≈ white oak > walnut. The rough surface of Douglas fir with tipping features could enhance the mechanical interlocking between the wood fibers and adhesive slurry, contributing to the high adhesive strength. The dimensional swelling of the bonded wood pairs due to water soaking was in the order: thickness > width (i.e. perpendicular to the wood grain) > length (i.e. parallel to the wood grain). The greatest dimensional changes were observed in Douglas fir specimens. However, the highest decrease in adhesive strength by water soaking was with poplar wood specimens. These observations suggested that the wood dimensional changes were not dominant factors on water weakening the bonding strength of these wood pairs.     

Preparation and characterization of starch-based composite films reinforced by apricot and walnut shells

Starch-based biodegradable films were prepared by using solution-casting method and reinforced by agricultural residues [apricot and walnut shell (APS and WNS) powder]. The powder of both shells was added in different ratios (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) to investigate the microstructures and performances (mechanical and thermal properties) of the starch-based film. Different techniques such as impact, tensile testing, scanning electron microscope, optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and dynamic mechanical analysis were applied to study the thermomechanical and barrier properties of the composite films. Results showed that the incorporation of both shells significantly improved the WVTR and mechanical properties of starch-based films. The shells powder was significantly increased the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the starch-based films. Both OM and SEM results showed reasonably good compatibility between starch and reinforced shells. OM and XRD indicated that the APS and WNS not only retained their crystalline structure in the film but they also strengthened the peak intensity of the film. This phenomenon can be used to explain the mechanism of mechanical reinforcement. Since all the components used in the preparation of the films are food grade ingredients, it is expected that the films developed in this work will be used for food packaging applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47978.     

桨叶类型对核桃壳过滤器反冲洗流场的影响

用CFD前处理软件GAMBIT对6种桨叶类型的核桃壳过滤器进行建模,再利用FLUENT对反冲洗过程进行数值模拟分析。根据模拟结果初步了解了过滤器内滤料、水流速度及压差的分布规律;再通过现场实验准确地描述桨叶类型对罐体内流场分布的影响。研究表明:在一定反冲洗强度和搅拌桨转速情况下,不同类型桨叶对过滤器反冲洗的流场及滤料再生效果影响很显著。     

核桃油对小鼠血脂及胆固醇的影响

采用不同剂量的核桃油对小鼠进行试验，研究其对血脂水平的影响。结果表明，核桃油试验组小鼠的血清甘油三脂（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）和动脉硬化指数（AI）均不同程度低于高脂模型组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01），而高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）却显著（P〈0．05）高于高脂模型组，表明，核桃油确有显著降低血脂和降低动脉硬化危险性的作用。     

水酶法和溶剂法提取核桃油理化性质比较

本实验进行了水酶法和溶剂法提取核桃油的理化性质比较研究。结果表明:不同提取方法(水酶法、溶剂法)对核桃油的理化特性有一定的影响。水酶法提取的核桃油透明度高,色值低,且风味好;水酶法提取所得核桃油的酸值、未皂化值及磷脂含量均低于溶剂法,有利于油脂的后续精炼;水酶法与溶剂法对核桃油的脂肪酸组成影响不显著;水酶法提取核桃油的氧化稳定性低于溶剂法。     

核桃的营养保健功能及药用价值研究进展

核桃中所含的有益健康的成分如ω-3系多不饱和脂肪酸、生育酚、抗氧化剂及褪黑素等,对心脏病、动脉硬化、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖等慢性非传染性疾病的预防发挥积极的独到作用.本文就核桃的营养价值、保健功能及对与疾病预防方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

硫酸改性核桃壳处理含Cr(Ⅵ)模拟废水研究

在100 mL 8 mol·L-1硫酸溶液中,核桃壳加入量为9 g,核桃壳颗粒度为100目,反应时间为3 h,反应温度为25℃的条件下制备得到硫酸改性核桃壳.硫酸改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)具有优异的吸附性能.详细探讨了硫酸改性核桃壳处理含Cr(Ⅵ)模拟废水的影响因素:废水pH值、Cr(Ⅵ)离子浓度、硫酸改性核桃壳用量、处理...     

Monitoring the oxidation of unsaturated oils and formation of oxygenated aldehydes by proton NMR

The oxidation process of rapeseed, walnut and linseed oils, rich sources of linolenic acyl groups, was studied by means of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The visible changes in some spectrum signals, especially in those of methylic, allylic and bis‐allylic hydrogen atoms, provide information about the degradation of the different acyl groups throughout the oxidation process. The rate of the changes produced in the three oils was compared, not only in relation to the rate of degradation of the different acyl groups, but also to both the formation and degradation of primary as well as to the formation of secondary oxidation products. Among the secondary oxidation products, the study was focused on the formation of aldehydes, their nature and evolution throughout the oxidation process of these three oils. The formation of n‐alkanals, trans‐2‐alkenals, trans,trans‐2,4‐alkadienals, as well as of the well known geno‐ and cytotoxic 4,5‐epoxy‐, 4‐hydroperoxy‐ and 4‐hydroxy‐trans‐2‐alkenals, was proved to take place.