Reversible Conversion Reactions and Small First Cycle Irreversible Capacity Loss in Metal Sulfide‐Based Electrodes Enabled by Solid Electrolytes

Solid‐state batteries can potentially enable new classes of electrode materials which are unstable against liquid electrolytes. Here, SnS nanocrystals, synthesized by a wet chemical method, are used to fabricate a Li‐ion electrode, and the electrochemical properties of this electrode are examined in both solid and liquid electrolyte designs. The SnS‐based solid‐state cell delivers a capacity of 629 mAh g^?1 after 100 cycles and exhibits an unprecedentedly small irreversible capacity in the first cycle (8.2%), while the SnS‐based liquid cell shows a rapid capacity decay and large first cycle irreversible capacity (44.6%). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show significant solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in the liquid cell during the first discharge while SEI formation by electrolyte reduction in the solid‐state cell appears negligible. Along with CV, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are used to investigate the differences between the solid‐state and liquid cells. The reaction chemistry of SnS in solid‐state cells is also studied in detail by ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The overarching findings are that use of a solid electrolyte suppresses materials degradation and electrolyte reduction which leads to a small first cycle irreversible capacity and stable cycling.     

The binomial decomposition of OWA functions,the 2‐additive and 3‐additive cases in n dimensions

In the context of the binomial decomposition of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) functions, we investigate the constraints associated with the 2‐additive and 3‐additive cases in n dimensions. The 2‐additive case depends on one coefficient whose feasible region does not depend on the dimension n. On the other hand, the feasible region of the 3‐additive case depends on two coefficients and is explicitly dependent on the dimension n. This feasible region is a convex polygon with n vertices and n edges, which is strictly expanding in the dimension n. The orness of the OWA functions within the feasible region is linear in the two coefficients, and the vertices associated with maximum and minimum orness are identified. Finally, we discuss the 3‐additive binomial decomposition in the asymptotic infinite dimensional limit.     

高职院校青年教师教学基本能力的培养途径与方法

高职院校基层教学单位在学校教学工作中处于关键环节,对青年教师的培养是其主要工作之一。基于对青年教师自身特征的分析,基层教学组织有必要在青年教师教学基本能力培养上,培养与考核相结合,以利于青年教师的健康成长,以利于高职院校师资队伍的建设。     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage of ball-milled MmMg12 alloy–Ni composites

MmMg₁₂–Ni amorphous or nanocrystalline composites (Mm: Ce-rich mischmetal) were prepared through the ball-milling method, and their electrochemical hydrogen storage performance was investigated and compared with that of ball-milled CeMg₁₂–Ni composites. It was found that the ball-milled MmMg₁₂–Ni composites had larger initial discharge capacities and better high rate dischargeability. Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) shows that the reaction resistance and hydrogen diffusion resistance of the ball-milled MmMg₁₂–Ni composites are lower as a result of the decrease in Ce content, and thus can contribute to the larger discharge capacity and better high rate dischargeability. Additionally, the cycle performance of the ball-milled MmMg₁₂–Ni composites is better than those of the ball-milled CeMg₁₂–Ni composites. This may be related to the formation of a Nd oxide or Nd(OH)₃ film on surface of the MmMg₁₂ alloys.     

草原可持续发展三重能力的变权综合评价:以中国四大草原为例

基于可持续发展理论与草原特点建立“三重能力”的矩阵式评价指标体系,并运用“三重能力”的变权综合评价方法对我国的伊犁草原、锡林郭勒草原、那曲高寒草原、祁连山草原的可持续发展能力进行评价。结果表明,伊犁草原可持续发展能力最强,其次是那曲高寒草原,可持续发展能力最弱的是祁连山草原。只有在经济能力、资源生态能力及管理能力等三重能力互惠共生和协调发展的情况下,草原才具有较强的可持续发展能力,其中任何一个能力的不协调发展都会影响草原的可持续发展能力。最后,提出制定和完善草原可持续发展能力政策,有针对性地建设草原的可持续发展能力,提升草原管理能力等建议。     

豌豆尖主要营养成分、生物活性物质及抗氧化能力分析

对豌豆尖叶片、卷须和茎不同食用部位主要营养成分、生物活性物质含量及抗氧化能力进行了分析。结果表明:不同食用部位间的营养成分和生物活性物质含量及抗氧化能力存在显著差异。可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物和叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、VC、原花青素、类黄酮、总酚6种生物活性物质含量及抗氧化能力均呈现叶片卷须茎的趋势,而总糖和还原糖则在卷须中含量最高。相关性分析表明,6种生物活性物质与抗氧化能力间均呈极显著正相关关系,且FRAP对应的相关系数均高于ABTS。通过与5种常见叶菜类蔬菜进行比较发现,豌豆尖,特别是其叶片,含有更为丰富的生物活性物质和具有更强的抗氧化能力。     

火灾演化过程与“四个能力”建设

分析火灾成灾演化过程及原因,阐述火灾成灾演化与"四个能力"建设的关系,提出增加预警能力建设、实行注册消防管理人制度、调整消防监督检查的重点、改变"逢火必罚"的观念与做法等建议。     

Damping behavior and mechanical properties of Mg-Cu-Mn alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

Equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) was conducted at 250℃for 4 passes to the as-extruded Mg-3%Cu-1%Mn alloy with high strength and high damping capacity.After ECAP processing,the grain of as-extruded alloy is significantly refined to about 4μm,both yield strength and tensile strength of the as-extruded Mg-Cu-Mn alloy are decreased,but the ductility is improved.After the ECAP processing,the damping capacity of Mg-Cu-Mn alloy is decreased at room temperature,while is substantially increased at elevated te...     

国际知名高校如何培养科学传播素质

《中国科协科普人才发展规划纲要（2010—2020年）》提出,到2020年,要培养和造就一支规模适度、结构优化、素质优良的科普人才队伍,科普人才总量至少比2010年翻一番。科普人才的培养,需要在高等教育环节加强科学传播素质教育。在这方面,以美国麻省理工学院和哥伦比亚大学等为代表的国际知名高校已经开展了多年工作。本文重点介绍了美国麻省理工学院开展科学传播素质教育的情况,并在此基础上,结合中国高等教育的现状,分析了我国在高校中开展科学传播素质教育可从中汲取的经验。     

波分复用星形单跳网的波长二次重用扩容

有限的数据信道波长数严格限制着波分复用星形单跳网容量.对此,本文提出了一种波长二次重用和多耦合器内连相结合的组网扩容方法.和常规波分复用星形网相比,该方法不但将网络所支持的节点数增加两倍;而且网络的所有数据信道波长都得到二次重用,网络最大吞吐量也增加两倍;在网络节点数不变的条件下,通过波长的二次重用,可大大减小网络中通信节点的排队时延,缓和各通信节点对数据信道波长使用权的竞争矛盾,有效地改善网络性能.此外,该方法结构简单,易于实施.