Influence of ice storage on ray (raja clavata) wing muscle

Determinations of pH, urea, extractable protein (EP), apparent viscosity (AV), water-binding capacity (WBC), hardness (H), Hunter L, a and b values and sensory evaluation (SE) (raw and cooked), as well as microbiological analysis, were used to study the effects of ice storage on the stability of ray (Raja clavata) muscle. Significant changes were found in pH, bacterial growth and sensory assessment (ammoniacal odour and colour) during the storage period. Urea content, EP, AP, WBC (measured as water loss) and Hunter L value (in cooked muscle) decreased significantly. Statistical analyses did not show significant differences in H and Hunter L value (in raw muscle). The decrease in urea concentration can be described as a linear function of the number of microorganisms suggesting the microbiological character of the process. No dependence was observed between pH or number of microorganisms and EP, whereas AP was much more affected and showed a marked dependence on these two parameters treated independently. The results of this research showed that wings could be stored in ice for 9–10 days without causing important loss of quality. The fish was considered excellent up to day 7 and acceptable after 9 days but unacceptable after 11–12 days onwards. Nonetheless, the shelf-life of the ray in the iced state can vary depending upon the initial state of freshness, handling and the biological conditions of the fish. Microbiological analysis, pH, EP, AV, WBC, SE and Hunter L value have been demonstrated to be factors which could be used to monitor the deterioration of ray during ice storage.     

Olfactory and/or visual cues for spatial navigation through ontogeny: Olfactory cues enable the use of visual cues.

This study analyzed the spatial memory capacities of rats in darkness with visual and/or olfactory cues through ontogeny. Tests were conducted with the homing board, where rats had to find the correct escape hole. Four age groups (24 days, 48 days, 3-6 months, and 12 months) were trained in 3 conditions: (a) 3 identical light cues; (b) 5 different olfactory cues; and (c) both types of cues, followed by removal of the olfactory cues. Results indicate that immature rats first take into account olfactory information but are unable to orient with only the help of discrete visual cues. Olfaction enables the use of visual information by 48-day-old rats. Visual information predominantly supports spatial cognition in adult and 12-month-old rats. Results point out cooperation between vision and olfaction for place navigation during ontogeny in rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Survey of Experimental Data of Thermophysical Properties for Difluoromethane (HFC-32)

A survey of experimental data for HFC-32 was prepared at the Institute of Thermomechanics in connection with planned experiments. In tabular form, surveys of thermodynamic, transport, and other property measurements, including pvT behavior, second virial coefficient, vapor pressure, saturation densities, critical parameters, heat capacities, speed of sound, thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, dielectric constant, and dipole moment, are presented. Tables include author)s) name(s), reference, year of publication, ranges of measurements, number of points, stated uncertainty, sample purity, and experimental method.     

Optimal policies of a two-echelon serial inventory system with general limited capacities

We study optimal policies of capacitated two-echelon serial inventory systems under periodic review. For a system with smaller downstream capacity, we fully characterise the optimal policy as a further modified echelon base stock policy using an intuitive backward induction. The key lies in the magnitude relation between the initial upstream stock level and the downstream capacity. For a system with smaller upstream capacity, we demonstrate that the optimal policy is of a more complex structure where there can be at most four/five target levels up to which the upstream/downstream echelon tries to produce/order. The numbers of levels and their values depend on the length of remaining horizons and the amount of initial upstream inventories. We also specify these potential target levels and then suggest a way to simplify the search of optimal solutions.     

Aqueous Zinc–Tellurium Batteries with Ultraflat Discharge Plateau and High Volumetric Capacity

Traditional aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) based on ion-intercalation or surface redox behaviors at the cathode side suffer severely from an unsatisfactory specific capacity and unstable output potential. Herein, these issues are applied to a conversion-type zinc–tellurium (Zn–Te) battery. Typically, this battery works based on a two-step solid-to-solid conversion with the successive formation of zinc ditelluride (ZnTe₂) and zinc telluride (ZnTe). It delivers an ultrahigh volumetric capacity of 2619 mAh cm⁻³ (419 mAh g⁻¹), 74.1% of which is from the first conversion (Te to ZnTe₂) with an ultraflat discharge plateau. Though reported first in a challenging aqueous environment, this Zn–Te battery demonstrates an excellent capacity retention of >82.8% after 500 cycles, which results from the elimination of the notorious “shuttle effect” due to the solid-to-solid conversion behaviors. In addition, a quasi-solid-state Zn–Te battery is also fabricated, exhibiting superior flexibility, robustness, and good electrochemical performance. This work develops a novel cathode material based on conversion-type ion-storage mechanism. The system is attractive due to its ultrastable energy output, which is rarely reported for ZIBs.     

新疆南疆地区传统土坯房屋震害及抗震技术措施

通过对近几年来历次大地震中新疆村镇土坯房屋的震害总结,归结了此类结构在地震中易于受损的原因:构件强度不足、节点连接弱、结构体系稳定差等,从中提出适合于当地经济发展的加固方案,也即:木柱梁-土坯组合墙结构体系,其目的是在不增加或少增加造价的前提下,以简便易行的手段提高新疆土坯房屋结构的抗震能力。     

自平衡试桩法在深层混凝土灌注桩单桩承载力测试中的应用

本文采用自平衡试桩法对北京地铁十号线光华路站深层混凝土灌注桩单桩竖向抗压承载力进行了静载试验,试桩数量为4根,其中有3根试桩桩侧、桩底采用了后压浆技术,并对有无后压浆试桩的承载力性状进行了对比分析,这也是北京地区首次对这类深层混凝土灌注桩单桩竖向抗压承载力进行自平衡试桩法静载试验,本次试验的成功为本地区积累了宝贵的经验,并为今后砂卵石层桩的极限承载力设计提供了参考依据。     

关于提高企业创新能力的法律思考

在世界新科技革命推动下,知识在经济社会发展中的作用日益突出,国民财富的增长和人类生活的改善越来越有赖于知识的积累和创新。知识的积累和创新主体主要是企业,但我国企业自主创新能力薄弱已制约了我国社会经济发展。本文分析了我国企业自主创新能力的现状,探讨了欧盟及相关国家支持产业研究与创新的相关措施。构建了提高我国企业自主创新能力机制:即立法确立企业在自主创新中主体地位;大力提高对知识产权的管理、运用能力,依法加强对知识产权的保护;完善提高企业自主创新能力的法律和政策体系。     

屏南地区木拱廊桥局部构件的二级系统研究

在了解屏南地区木拱廊桥的历史条件、结构特点及其保护应用的背景下,着重研究了木拱廊桥百祥桥的二级系统,分析了其在提高拱桥结构性能中发挥的作用.运用计算机模拟建立了木拱桥二级系统的模型,对比了二级系统模型的受力、变形特点.结果表明：二级系统增强了拱桥的整体性与变形协调性,有助于系统避免应力集中,减少局部构件的破坏,对提高拱桥的结构性能有重要作用.