小麦胚芽的开发利用

小麦胚芽中含有丰富的脂肪和优质蛋白，而且含有多种功能性成分，如天然VE、谷胱甘肽、凝集素等，具有天然、保健的特点。经过稳定化处理后，小麦胚芽可以提取功能性成分和开发食品。     

小麦调质通风技术的研究

以小麦为原料,对低水分小麦的吸湿状态进行了研究.研究发现:在一定范围内,湿度相同的条件下,谷物的吸湿效果随通风量的增加而提高.试验所确定的最佳条件为:加湿2 h,通自然风1 h的通风模式,加湿湿度为90%～95%,通风量为5～20 m3/t·h.通自然风的方式可消除在加湿过程中产生的水分含量梯度.     

山羊草及普通小麦遗传多样性的研究

使用微卫星荧光标记-全自动基因分析仪(3700 DNA Analyzer)，用43对D染色体组引物标记76份普通小麦、粗山羊草、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草和尾状山羊草品种和材料，将其结果进行聚类分析，共聚成四类：普通小麦被聚成一类，粗山羊草被聚成两类，拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、尾状山羊草和部分来自巴基斯坦的粗山羊草聚成一类。聚类结果与现有的植物学分类的结果相一致。     

米糠固脂与棕榈硬脂混合应用于起酥油的研究

米糠固脂是米糠油冬化或分提获得的副产物。以3种具有不同固体脂肪含量(SFC)曲线的米糠固脂(RBS1、RBS2及RBS3)、棕榈硬脂(PS)为原料,按照米糠固脂与棕榈硬脂质量比40∶60进行二元混合制备起酥油,并以市售起酥油为参考,对混合体系的SFC、晶型、脂肪酸组成、微量营养素含量进行了分析。结果表明:由不同米糠固脂组成的二元混合体系差异不大,且与市售起酥油具有相似的SFC曲线;其棕榈酸、亚油酸含量较市售起酥油高,硬脂酸含量较市售起酥油低;体系表现为β'晶型;此外,二元混合体系中含有丰富的谷维素、植物甾醇,可丰富起酥油的营养特性。     

胆碱酯酶保藏方法的筛选及固定化研究

目的:对胆碱酯酶进行保藏研究,以期得到最佳的酶活力。方法:以小麦酯酶为实验材料,采取冷藏、冷冻和酶的固定化的措施,添加不同种类和不同比例的防腐剂,采用不同的包装材料进行比较研究。结果:能够保持胆碱酯酶的酶活力方法是:设定保藏温度为-20℃,添加0.1%硫柳汞采用塑料瓶包装储藏,这样可以很好地保持酶液的酶活力。结论:采用低温冷冻保藏胆碱酯酶并且添加一定剂量的防腐剂可以很好的保持胆碱酯酶酶活力。     

Cereal‐based fermented foods in developing countries: ancient foods for modern research

Cereal‐based fermented foods are major contributors to energy intake in developing countries (DC). Their microbiota is dominated by lactic acid bacteria and has been extensively investigated. Diversity studies have been facilitated by molecular methods enabling genotyping of isolates; the rapid development of ‘omics’ approaches should facilitate more comprehensive studies to describe the relation between microbial diversity, cell physiology and product characteristics. Also, the link between the food microbiota and health benefits, in particular in nutrition, should be investigated. There is a need to encourage researches in the field of DC cereal‐based foods in direction of more mechanistic approaches.     

体外消化/Caco-2细胞模型分析发酵对面粉铁生物利用率的影响

中国居民膳食以谷物为主食,谷物中铁吸收率低是造成营养性贫血的主要原因,适当的加工方式可缓解谷物中植酸、多酚等物质对铁生物利用率(Fe bioavailability,FeBV)的影响。为考察酵母发酵对面粉FeBV的影响,采用体外消化/Caco-2细胞模型。结果表明,面团在发酵后pH值呈下降趋势,酸度呈上升趋势;多酚、植酸含量降低,植酸酶活性升高,以上各指标在发酵前后差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。发酵后面粉样品的FeBV增加约5%~38%,大多数面粉FeBV发酵前后比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:发酵可降低面粉的pH值,增加酸度,有利于面粉多酚和植酸的降解以及植酸酶活力的升高,可有效提高面粉FeBV。     

Physical properties of rice husk and bran briquettes under low pressure densification for rural applications

Agriculture generates large amount of by-products that could be used to produce energy and reduce the amount of fuelwood required to meet the daily cooking needs, especially in developing countries. Rice is a major crop grown in West Africa and rice husk is a by-product of the milling process. The goal of this study was to develop a low cost system to produce biomass briquettes from rice husks in the context of a rural village. A manual press generating a pressure of 4.2 MPa was developed and used. The influence of the briquette formulation (type of binder, binder content, water addition, and bran content) was studied. The binders investigated were cassava wastewater, rice dust, and okra stem gum. The physical properties (density, moisture content, calorific value, durability, and compressive strength) were tested to identify the briquettes with the highest quality, i.e. greatest physical integrity. The briquettes made with rice dust had the highest durability (91.9%) and compressive strength (2.54 kN), while the briquettes made with cassava starch wastewater had the greatest density (441.18 kg m⁻³). Water added to the rice husk before densification positively influenced the briquette quality while bran seemed to mostly increase the density, but not necessarily the briquette quality. The briquette formulation did not significantly influence the calorific value. With a higher heating value of 16.08 MJ kg⁻¹ dry basis, rice husk briquettes represent an interesting alternative to fuelwood.     

Innovative production of multistrain synbiotic product using Thai-pigmented rice and rice bran oil

This study found that the isolated probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei KUKPS6201, L. acidophilus KUKPS6107, L. reuteri KUKPS6103, L. rhamnosus KUKPS6007, L. salivarius KUKPS6202, Bacillus coagulans KPSTF02 and Saccharomyces boulardii KUKPS6005 had high potential for probiotic properties. All strains had antibacterial activity and high antioxidant activity of 1.654 ± 0.017 mg Trolox mL⁻¹ probiotic extract. The selected strains could survive in a simulated gastrointestinal tract under anaerobic conditions and showed no haemolytic activity. Furthermore, the probiotic strains were strongly auto-aggregated and also showed co-aggregated ability with pathogenic bacteria. The probiotic microorganisms demonstrated high ability to adhere to Thai-pigmented rice grains. The results of analysis of these probiotics showed that Riceberry rice bran oil was an excellent prebiotic. A synbiotic product containing Thai-pigmented rice grains (cultivar Riceberry, Luem Pua and Black Jasmine) and rice bran oil was produced. After 8 weeks of storage, the viability of the probiotics in terms of multistrains was 7.36 ± 0.04 log CFU g^–1 (85.78% survival rate). Microbiological safety testing indicated that the amounts of contaminants were acceptable. This study provided the first scientific report on the feasibility of applying Thai-pigment rice, rice bran oil and mixed-culture probiotics as a novel functional synbiotic product.