麦秸增强氟石膏砌块的配比及生产工艺研究

以麦秸增强氟石膏砌块为研究对象,试验研究了不同掺量早强剂、复合激发剂、麦秸纤维对麦秸增强氟石膏砌块性能的影响;确定了麦秸增强氟石膏砌块的原料配比.探讨、确定了麦秸增强氟石膏砌块的生产工艺,综合分析了麦秸增强氟石膏砌块的基本性能.最后展望了发展前景.     

黄土中Cu、Cd在小麦中的累积和对生长影响

通过实验室盆栽试验,研究不同水平外源Cu（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）进入碱性黄土土壤中对小麦生长的影响和累积情况。结果表明,小麦的生长活动越旺盛,越有利于植株内重金属的迁移和富集。重金属在植物体内新陈代谢旺盛的器官中蓄积量较大,如根和叶,而营养储存器官穗中积量较少。Cu和Cd复合污染时,镉促进小麦植株对铜的吸收,而铜抑制镉的吸收。重金属的翻土拌入比污水灌溉对小麦的生长影响大。     

Wheat Drought-Responsive Grain Proteome Analysis by Linear and Nonlinear 2-DE and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

A comparative proteomic analysis of drought-responsive proteins during grain development of two wheat varieties Kauz (strong resistance to drought stress) and Janz (sensitive to drought stress) was performed by using linear and nonlinear 2-DE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technologies. Results revealed that the nonlinear 2-DE had much higher resolution than the linear 2-DE. A total of 153 differentially expressed protein spots were detected by both 2-DE maps, of which 122 protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The identified differential proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism (26%), detoxification and defense (23%), and storage proteins (17%). Some key proteins demonstrated significantly different expression patterns between the two varieties. In particular, catalase isozyme 1, WD40 repeat protein, LEA and alpha-amylase inhibitors displayed an upregulated expression pattern in Kauz, whereas they were downregulated or unchanged in Janz. Small and large subunit ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase, ascorbate peroxidase and G beta-like protein were all downregulated under drought stress in Janz, but had no expression changes in Kauz. Sucrose synthase and triticin precursor showed an upregulated expression pattern under water deficits in both varieties, but their upregulation levels were much higher in Kauz than in Janz. These differentially expressed proteins could be related to the biochemical pathways for stronger drought resistance of Kauz.     

The relationship between grain hardness, dough mixing parameters and bread-making quality in winter wheat

The influence of grain hardness, determined by using molecular markers and physical methods (near-infrared (NIR) technique and particle size index-PSI) on dough characteristics, which in turn were determined with the use of a farinograph and reomixer, as well as bread-making properties were studied. The material covered 24 winter wheat genotypes differing in grain hardness. The field experiment was conducted at standard and increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Results of molecular analyses were in agreement with those obtained by the use of physical methods for soft-grained lines. Some lines classified as hard (by physical methods) appeared to have the wild-type Pina and Pinb alleles, similar to soft lines. Differences in dough and bread-making properties between lines classified as hard and soft on the basis of molecular data appeared to be of less significance than the differences between lines classified as hard and soft on the basis of physical analyses of grain texture. Values of relative grain hardness at the increased nitrogen fertilization level were significantly higher. At both fertilization levels the NIR parameter determining grain hardness was significantly positively correlated with the wet gluten and sedimentation values, with most of the rheological parameters and bread yield. Values of this parameter correlated with quality characteristics in a higher degree than values of particle size index.     

打包麦秸秆堆砌火灾安全性探讨

通过实验测出不同体积打包秸秆的临界着火温度,利用弗兰克—卡门涅茨基自燃模型建立方程,计算打包麦秸的最大安全堆砌体积。利用弗兰克-卡门涅茨基自燃模型,测定Ta,cr;用弗兰克-卡门涅茨基自燃改进模型测定Tc,探讨含水量以及打包密度对Tc的影响。含水13.65%、密度344kg/m3打包麦秸秆的Tc为68～70℃,最大的安全堆砌直径为7.2m。     

小米馒头工艺与品质研究

通过对小米馒头的工艺与品质进行研究,可知随着小米粉添加量的增加,加水量逐渐降低,发酵体积逐渐减小,通过正交实验可以得出在小米粉添加量为45%、加水量为45%、发酵时间为3h、醒发时间为40min时,可以得到品质良好的小米面馒头。     

碘化钾-罗丹明6G分光光度法测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰

采用碘化钾-罗丹明6G分光光度法对面粉中过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)含量进行测定。在硫酸介质中,有聚乙烯醇存在下,过氧化苯甲酰氧化I-生成I3-,再与罗丹明6G形成离子缔合物,该缔合物在560nm波长处有最大吸收峰,在0.3～5.9mg/L范围内,BPO浓度与吸光度呈良好线性关系,线性方程为A=0.2174+0.0833c/(mg/mL),线性相关系数为0.9985,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.13×104L/(cm.mol)。该法用于两份市售面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的测定,平均回收率分别为96.5%和98.6%,并将测定结果与高效液相色谱测定结果进行对比,误差在5%以内,结果令人满意。     

不同蛋白质溶解度的小麦芽蛋白质组成及麦芽质量分析

为了研究小麦芽蛋白质溶解度与蛋白质组分及麦芽指标间的相关性,通过控制不同的浸麦度和发芽时间,制备了蛋白质溶解度分别为31.4％、33.1％、37.0％、37.6％、39.5％、40.9％、45.5％和54.2％的8种小麦芽,分析了小麦芽蛋白质组分、降解酶及麦芽基本指标.结果表明:随着小麦芽库值的增加,水溶性蛋白质含量成线性增加,醇溶性和碱溶性蛋白质呈现直线下降.小麦芽内肽酶活力与水溶性蛋白质含量、水分及浸出物呈现显著正相关(r分别为0.732、0.792和0.727),与醇溶性蛋白质含量呈现显著负相关(r=-0.734).因此小麦芽内肽酶活力的提高将有助于小麦芽浸出物的增加.小麦芽库值与水分、色度、浸出物、FAN、酸度均存在极显著正相关性(r=0.885、r=0.971、r=0.880、r=0.915和r=0.964);与浊度存在显著正相关(r=0.714);与有效酸度存在极显著负相关(r=-0.921).所以提高蛋白质溶解度小麦芽浸出物、浊度、FAN、酸度、色度等指标都会提高.比较8种小麦芽指标,蛋白质溶解度为39.5％时小麦芽指标较好.此时,浸出物为82.0％,FAN 166 mg/100 mg,糖化力为496 WK,黏度为1.61 cP,糖化时间为6 min.     

响应面分析优化小麦胚油浸出法提取工艺

微波稳定化后小麦胚芽作为试验原料,用国家标准规定的植物油抽提溶剂,建立了浸出法提取小麦胚油优化生产工艺。探讨了不同原料颗粒度对麦胚出油率影响、溶剂体积分数与麦胚质量分数比值(溶胚比值)对麦胚出油率影响、溶剂浸提温度对麦胚出油率影响、溶剂提取时间对麦胚出油率的影响等单因素试验。依据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,选择溶胚比值、浸提温度和提取时间为响应面优化分析试验设计因素,建立了小麦胚油浸出法优化提取工艺的二次多项数学模型。优化小麦麦胚油浸出工艺:颗粒度为60目筛上麦胚粉碎物,以植物油抽提溶剂为提取溶剂,溶胚比值为20.5∶1,温度43℃、浸提38 min。优化工艺模型预测出油率的理论值为6.67%,验证试验显示小麦胚油实际出油率为6.65%。     

面团发酵过程中小麦淀粉理化性质的变化

以小麦粉为原料,结合水洗和离心提取小麦淀粉,研究面团发酵过程中一次发酵、二次发酵和醒发工序对直链淀粉含量、溶解度、溶胀度、糊化特性和凝胶特性等理化性质的影响。试验结果表明:发酵后直链淀粉质量分数提高3.7%～8.18%;采用黏度速测仪(RVA,Rapid visco analyzer)分析醒发后小麦淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度分别上升52 RVU、58.67 RVU和73.33 RVU;采用质构仪(TPA,Texture profile anal-ysis)对发酵过程小麦淀粉凝胶特性进行研究,发现醒发后凝胶特性有所改善,硬度提高48.60 g,弹性提高0.03,内聚性、回复性分别提高0.05、0.15。