小麦粉中溴酸钾检测方法的比较

为了选择一种最适合小麦粉中溴酸钾的检测方法,分别对4种检测方法(滴定法、反滴定法、离子色谱法和液相色谱法)进行探讨,比较它们的原理、方法、精确度、检出限、回收率及稳定性等方面。结果表明,离子色谱法操作简单,灵敏度高,溴酸根离子的最低检出浓度为50μg/kg,标准曲线具有良好的线性关系,回收率达到92.5%,是溴酸钾检测定量的较好方法,适合广泛推广和应用。     

不同Waxy蛋白亚基缺失小麦材料的籽粒性状和面团流变学特性的比较

普通六倍体小麦中存在为数不多的自然突变的Waxy蛋白亚基缺失小麦材料。选用自然突变形成的4种缺失1个或2个Waxy蛋白亚基的部分糯小麦材料,2种Waxy蛋白亚基全缺失的糯小麦品系,以普通中筋小麦济麦19作为对照,研究其籽粒性状和面团的粉质特性、揉混特性、拉伸和黏度特性。结果表明,糯小麦的籽粒硬度、直链淀粉含量与其他小麦相比明显偏低;部分糯小麦的直链淀粉含量比对照有不同程度的降低。面团的粉质特性、揉混特性和拉伸特性测定表明,糯小麦面团的吸水率极显著高于其他小麦,其稳定时间、断裂时间,揉混特性的中线峰值时间、峰值面积、8min尾高,拉伸特性的最大拉伸阻力、拉伸曲线面积、最大拉伸比显著低于对照,而部分糯小麦（江苏白火麦除外）的粉质参数（吸水率除外）、揉混参数、最大拉伸阻力、最大拉伸比均高于对照,达显著或极显著水平。黏度特性上,糯小麦的面团黏度、附着功、黏聚性较大,部分糯小麦（江苏白火麦除外）的面团黏度较小,均呈显著或极显著性差异。综合面团的流变学特性测定表明,糯小麦面粉的吸水率高,但面团的结构差,筋力弱;Sturdy、Satanata和IKE3个部分糯小麦的面团的耐揉性、耐搅性、面团筋力优于济麦19,也优于糯小麦;缺失Wx—D1亚基的江苏白火麦的大多数面团流变学参数与糯小麦无显著性或极显著性差异。     

小麦胚水溶性碳水化合物提取工艺的优化

小麦胚是小麦加工业的主要副产物之一,每年可以开发利用的小麦胚潜藏量高达500万吨。在小麦胚中碳水化合物的含量是最高的,并且绝大部分都是水溶性的,极具有开发前景。本文采用水提法制备小麦胚水溶性总碳水化合物,通过单因素实验和正交实验,对其提取工艺进行了优化。实验结果表明,料水比1：8,pH8．0,温度25℃,提取时间8h条件下,小麦胚水溶性碳水化合物的提取率最高。     

Measurement of anthocyanins and other phytochemicals in purple wheat

The major anthocyanin composition of normal purple wheat and heat stressed purple wheat were measured using HPLC, LC–MS/MS and the pH differential method. The lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and melatonin content were also measured. Total anthocyanin profile of normal purple wheat (491.3 mg/kg) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of the heat stressed purple wheat (522.7 mg/kg). Thirteen major anthocyanins were isolated and cyanidin 3-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin in purple wheat. Using the pH differential method, the total anthocyanin content of normal (500.6 mg/kg) and heat stressed (526.0 mg/kg) purple wheat were similar to those observed using HPLC. The SDG content of normal and heat stressed purple wheat were 770 and 520 μg/kg, while melatonin content was 4 and 2 μg/kg, respectively. The presence of SDG and melatonin in addition to anthocyanins may contribute to the health benefits associated with consumption of coloured cereal grains.     

家用灰麦预混合饼粉的研究

采用高营养价值的灰麦为原料,通过添加大豆粉、普通小麦粉、泡打粉等开发了家用灰麦预混合粉,通过正交试验优化了灰麦预混合粉的最佳配方:大豆粉添加量为灰麦全麦粉质量的5%,普通小麦粉(郑麦9023)为5%,泡打粉为0.9%,添水量为75%.     

谷朊粉对马铃薯热干面品质的影响

为提高马铃薯热干面的品质和稳定性,该文在分析谷朊粉基本成分与物化特性的基础上,深入研究了谷朊粉添加量对混合粉特性及对生鲜及熟制马铃薯热干面蒸煮、质构、贮藏等品质特性的影响.结果表明,随着混合粉中谷朊粉含量升高,其持水性下降,吸水膨胀性上升.随着谷朊粉添加量的增加,马铃薯热干面吸水性呈下降趋势、蒸煮损失率呈先上升后下降变...     

小麦A、B型淀粉分离提取方法研究

该研究对小麦A、B型淀粉分离提取方法进行探讨,结果表明,采用水柱沉淀离心法,在淀粉浆浓度0.1 g/mL、离心速度200 r/min、静置时间40 min和静置次数3次条件下,可快速、有效分离A、B型淀粉;A、B型淀粉得率分别为74.2%和23.7%,淀粉损失2.1%。经显微照相显示,此条件下A、B型淀粉分离彻底。     

Evaluation of U.S. Total Diet Study Data on Selenium

The potential usefulness of FDA's U.S. Total Diet Study (TDS) selenium (Se) data to the nutrition community was evaluatedas part of the TDS modernization program. TDS Se data collected from 2003 – 2010 was evaluated by comparing these data to Se concentration data in USDA's Standard Reference 26 (SR26) Database. We also evaluated trends in Se concentrations over time and differences in Se concentrations by Market Basket (MB). Comparable SR26 foods were identified for most TDS foods; however, for many TDS foods, there was more than one match in SR26. TDS was found to be a unique source of analytical Se concentration data for four food mixtures and for several SR26 foods with imputed Se concentrations. Se concentrations in TDS foods were similar to analyzed Se concentrations in most corresponding SR26 foods. Se concentrations in whole wheat bread were significantly higher in MB 2 (U.S. West Region, collected in the winter) than in MB 1 (U.S. North Central Region, collected in the fall), 3 (U.S. South Region, collected in the spring), and 4 (U.S. North East Region, collected in the summer). Se concentrations in whole wheat bread were also significantly higher in MB 4 than in MB 3. Se concentrations in boiled eggs were significantly higher in MB 2 than in other market baskets. The U.S. Total Diet Study suspended analysis of Se in 2010, but FDA is evaluating the potential benefits of adding Se analysis back to the TDS program. Results of this study demonstrate the potential value of TDS concentration data for Se and other nutrients to the U.S. nutrition community. However, it is clear that TDS data on generic foods (e.g. tuna, canned in water) are less useful than TDS data on more specifically defined foods (e.g. tuna, white, canned in water). Potential geographical and/or seasonal differences in Se contents of some foods may warrant additional investigation.     

Characteristic of filamentous fungal diversity and dynamics associated with wheat Qu and the traditional fermentation of Chinese rice wine

Chinese rice wine, a traditional alcoholic beverage, is fermented from steamed rice with a starter culture of wheat Qu which is either inoculated spontaneously with various microorganisms in natural environment or inoculated artificially with certain microorganisms. The diversity of filamentous fungi in wheat Qu and the fermentation mashes of Chinese rice wine was studied by high‐throughput sequencing. The results indicated that filamentous fungi varied in wheat Qu and fermentation periods. Moreover, Aspergillus was the dominant filamentous fungi at genus levels. On that basis, quantitative real‐time PCR was used to quantify some dominant Aspergillus species. It was found that Aspergillus species in wheat Qu were more abundant than that in various fermentation mashes and continually decreased until the end of rice wine fermentation. Furthermore, it was found that different organic acids were produced by microorganisms at different fermentation stages might due to the changes of oxygen and nutrient content.     

Influence of the degree of fusariosis on technological traits of wheat grain

The paper aims to enlarge the current knowledge about the dependence of technological traits of wheat grain on its degree of infestation (DI) with fusariosis. Samples of grain of four wheat cultivars were obtained from naturally grown crops (control) and from crops inoculated with Fusarium culmorum from which three degrees of kernel infestation were selected. Samples were determined for thousand kernels weight (TKW), total protein, starch and wet gluten (WG) contents, Hagberg falling number (HFN) and sedimentation value (SV). Content of protein and wet gluten showed higher values for moderately infested kernels (up to 15 and 25%, respectively, when compared to control grain) than for kernels lightly or heavily infested. All the remaining traits had values lower than that for control grain and showed a decrease with increasing DI. Decrease for the heaviest infestation was on average: 8, 29, 31 and 34% for starch, TKW, HFN and SV, respectively.