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81.
Craig F. Morris E. Patrick Fuerst Derek J. McLean Kathleen Momont Caleb P. James 《Journal of food science》2014,79(11):S2323-S2329
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plays a central role in the health and nutrition of humans. Yet, little is known about possible flavor differences among different varieties. We have developed a model system using the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) to determine feeding preferences as a prelude to extending results to human sensory analysis. Here, we examine the application of a single‐elimination tournament design to the analysis of consumption preferences of a set of hard red and hard white spring wheat varieties. A single‐elimination tournament design in this case pairs 2 wheat varieties and only 1 of the 2 is advanced to further tests. Preferred varieties were advanced until an overall “winner” was identified; conversely, less desirable varieties were advanced such that an overall “loser” was identified. Hollis and IDO702 were the winner and loser, respectively, for the hard red varieties, and Clear White 515 and WA8123 were the winner and loser, respectively, for the hard white varieties. When using the more powerful protocol of 14 mice and a 4?d trial, differences in mean daily consumption preferences of 2 varieties were separated at P‐values as small as 2 × 10?8. The single‐elimination tournament design is an efficient means of identifying the most and least desirable varieties among a larger set of samples. One application for identifying the 2 extremes in preference within a group of varieties would be to use them as parents of a population to identify quantitative trait loci for preference. 相似文献
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以凹凸棒石、针铁矿和小麦秸秆为原料,添加少量的环氧树脂作为黏结剂,在适宜的温度和气氛下煅烧,同步完成了生物质碳化、凹凸棒石热活化及针铁矿的还原,获得了具有高气孔率和强磁性的凹凸棒石-针铁矿改性麦秸木质陶瓷,利用XRD和SEM分析了原料质量比及焙烧温度对其物相及微观结构的影响。结果表明:凹凸棒石-针铁矿改性麦秸木质陶瓷是一种非晶态多孔质碳素材料,在相同温度下,原料的质量比对其物相几乎无影响;随着焙烧温度的升高,凹凸棒石的特征衍射峰逐渐消失,凹凸棒石-针铁矿改性麦秸木质陶瓷中有新的物相产生。 相似文献
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Lubna Sajjad Asaf Rahmatullah Jan Abdul Latif Khan Waqar Ahmad Saleem Asif Ahmed Al-Harrasi Kyung-Min Kim In-Jung Lee 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
The mechanism and course of Triticum plastome evolution is currently unknown; thus, it remains unclear how Triticum plastomes evolved during recent polyploidization. Here, we report the complete plastomes of two polyploid wheat species, Triticum sphaerococcum (AABBDD) and Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (AABB), and compare them with 19 available and complete Triticum plastomes to create the first map of genomic structural variation. Both T. sphaerococcum and T. turgidum subsp. durum plastomes were found to have a quadripartite structure, with plastome lengths of 134,531 bp and 134,015 bp, respectively. Furthermore, diploid (AA), tetraploid (AB, AG) and hexaploid (ABD, AGAm) Triticum species plastomes displayed a conserved gene content and commonly harbored an identical set of annotated unique genes. Overall, there was a positive correlation between the number of repeats and plastome size. In all plastomes, the number of tandem repeats was higher than the number of palindromic and forward repeats. We constructed a Triticum phylogeny based on the complete plastomes and 42 shared genes from 71 plastomes. We estimated the divergence of Hordeum vulgare from wheat around 11.04–11.9 million years ago (mya) using a well-resolved plastome tree. Similarly, Sitopsis species diverged 2.8–2.9 mya before Triticum urartu (AA) and Triticum monococcum (AA). Aegilops speltoides was shown to be the maternal donor of polyploid wheat genomes and diverged ~0.2–0.9 mya. The phylogeny and divergence time estimates presented here can act as a reference framework for future studies of Triticum evolution. 相似文献
88.
Zhi Li Zhenglong Ren Feiquan Tan Peigao Luo Tianheng Ren 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Rye is the most important source for the genetic improvement of wheat. In this study, two stable wheat-rye primary 1RS.1BL translocation lines, RT855-13 and RT855-14, were selected and identified by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE), co-dominant PCR, and multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (MC-FISH) from the progeny of the crossing of the wheat cultivar Mianyang11 and a Chinese rye Weining. When more than two independent, simple reciprocal translocations are involved in a carrier, they are defined as complex chromosome translocations (CCT). The MC-FISH results also indicated that CCT occurred in RT855-13; namely that, besides 1RS.1BL translocation chromosomes, there are other two pairs of balanced reciprocal translocations. It was demonstrated that the interchange between a distal segment of 4B and long arm of 3D occurred in the RT855-13. The novel translocation chromosomes in wheat were recorded as 3DS.4BSDS and 3DL-4BSPS.4BL. Reports about CCT as a genetic resource in plant breeding programs are scarce. Both lines expressed high resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, which are prevalent in China and are virulent on Yr9, and the CCT line RT855-13 retained better resistance as adult plants compared with RT855-14 in the field. Both lines, especially the CCT line RT855-13, exhibited better agronomic traits than their wheat parent, Mianyang11, indicating that both translocation lines could potentially be used for wheat improvement. The results also indicated that the position effects of CCT can lead to beneficial variations in agronomic and resistant traits, making them a valuable genetic resource to wheat breeding programs. 相似文献
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为使用高分辨率遥感影像和深度学习语义分割模型实现快速准确的小麦种植空间信息提取,以WorldView-2遥感影像为数据源,制作尺度分别为128×128、256×256、512×512的样本数据集,对U-net和DeepLab3+语义分割模型的参数进行训练,建立小麦遥感分类模型;通过与极大似然和随机森林方法比较,检验深度学习分类效果。结果显示:(1)不同尺度样本训练得到的模型总体精度、Kappa系数分别在94%和0.82以上,模型精度稳定,样本尺度大小对小麦分类提取模型影响较小;(2)深度学习方法的小麦分类总精度和Kappa系数分别在94%和0.89以上,极大似然和随机森林则在92%和0.85以下,表明该研究建立的小麦遥感分类模型优于传统分类方法。研究结果可为高分辨率遥感影像作物种植信息的深度学习方法提取提供参考。 相似文献