APPLICATION OF THE UNIFIED STATISTICAL MATERIAL DATABASE FOR DESIGN AND LIFE／RISK ASSESSMENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS

Statistical manipulation of material data was conducted for probabilistic life assessment or risk-based design and maintenance for high temperature components of power plants. To obtain the statistical distribution of material properties, dominant parameters affecting material properties are introduced into normalization of statistical variables. Those parameters are hardness, chemical composition, characteristic microstructural features and so on. Creep and fatigue properties are expressed by normalized parameters and the unified statistical distributions are obtained. These probability distribution functions show good coincidence statistically with the field database of steam turbine components. It was concluded that the unified statistical baseline approach is useful for the risk management of components in power plants.     

Unique microstructure and property of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to upsetting extrusion multiple processing

The microstructure and hardness of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to multi-pass upsetting extrusion at ambient temperature were studied. Experimental results indicated that with the number of upsetting extrusion passes increasing, the grains of the alloy are gradually refined and the hardness increases correspondingly. After ten passes of upsetting extrusion processing, the grain size decreases to less than 200 nm in diameter and the sample maintains its original shape, while the hardness is double owing to equal-axial ultrafine grains and work hardening effect caused by large plastic deformation.     

Hydriding-dehydriding properties of Mg2Ni alloy modified by ball-milling in tetrahydrofuran

A new approach of ball-milled Mg2Ni in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to improve the hydriding kinetics of Mg2Ni alloy is suggested and studied. It is found that the modified alloy displayed the improved activity for hydriding even at relatively low temperature (e.g., 323-373 K). In the case of the sample milled in THF for 20 h, the hydrogen content (mass fraction) reaches 1.6 % at 323 K, 2.1% at 348 K and 3.4% at 448 K, respectively. The use of THF during grinding led to the change of the structure, which is reflected by the broadening and weakening of the diffraction peaks in the XRD spectra. The XPS analysis shows that Mg (2s) binding energy peak of Mg2Ni after modification shifted from a lower binding energy to a higher one, indicating the charge transference between Mg and THF and the formation of catalytically active electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes on the surface of modified Mg2Ni alloy.     

Process of friction-stir welding high-strength aluminum alloy and mechanical properties of joint

The process of friction-stir welding 2A12CZ alloy has been studied. And strength and elongation tests have been performed, which demonstrated that the opportunity existed to manipulate friction-stir welding parameters in order to improve a range of material properties. The results showed that the joint strength and elongation arrived at their maximums ( 331 MPa and 4% ) at 37. 5 mm/min and 300 rpm. As welding parameters changing, joint tensile strength and elongation had similar development. Hardness measurement indicated that the weld was softened. However, there was considerable difference in softening degree for different joint zone. The weld top had lower hardness and wider softening zone than other zone of the weld. And softening zone at advancing side was wider than that at retreating side.     

Durability experiment on anti-electron-bombardment of RE2O3-Mo secondary emission material

A durability test to determine anti-bombardment sensitivity of multi-RE2 O3-Mo secondary emission material was carried out and the variation of maximum secondary emission coefficient (δmax) was monitored at regular intervals. After the experiment, the cathode was analyzed with SEM, EDS and XRD techniques. The results show that δmax of multi-RE2O3-Mo cermets cathode heated to 1 100 ℃ under electron bombardment of 300 W/cm2 reaches the peak of 3.35 at 200 h. After 500 h of bombardment, the maximum secondary-electron-yield curve stabilizes. The δmax value of the cathode remains at about 2.5 after 1 000 h and represents a good anti-bombardment property. The high δmax value of the cathode is related with formation of an enriched Y2 O3 layer on the surface under high temperature and with the amount of La2 O3 particles in the shape of nanometer distributed on the surface. Under the experimental conditions, the drop of δmax value may be caused by the reduction of La2 O3 content and the porous layer resulted from evaporation of MoO2, which is formed when Mo at the surface is oxidized.     

Compressive deformation behavior and energy absorption characteristic of aluminum foam with elastic filler

An open-cell aluminum foam filled with silicate rubber (AFFSR) was fabricated by infiltration of the liquid silicate rubber into the open-cell aluminum foam. The experiments were carried out to investigate the compressive behavior and energy absorption characteristics of the material. It is found that the stress--strain response of the AFFSR exhibits five regions including two plateau regimes, which is quite different from the stress--strain curves of many unfilled metallic foams that usually exhibit three distinct regions. The plastic deformation of the AFFSR is prolonged because of the filled silicate rubber, compared with the aluminum foam without such a filler. The AFFSR also exhibits a higher energy capacity than the aluminum foam without filler. Additionally, for the prolonged plateau region in the stress--strain curve, the energy absorption efficiency of the AFFSR maintains a high level (above 0.6) over a wide strain range from 3% to 60%.     

Advances in the research of nitrogen containing stainless steels

The current status of nitrogen containing stainless steels at home and aboard has been introduced. The function and existing forms of nitrogen in the stainless steels, influence of nitrogen on mechanical properties and anti-corrosion properties as well as the application of nitrogen containing cast stainless steels were discussed in this paper. It is clear that nitrogen will be a potential and important alloying element in stainless steels. And Argon Oxygen Decarbonization (AOD) refining can provide an advanced manufacture process for nitrogen containing stainless steels with ultra-low- carbon and high cleanliness.     

Design optimization of cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloys for high clamping capacity

This paper investigated high-damping Cu-Al-Be-B cast alloys using metallographic analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical resistance measurements for transformation temperatures. The results showed that beryllium can stabilize β phase, resulting in a thermo-elastic martensite microstructure leading to high-damping capacity in cast Cu-Al-BeB alloys. Trace additions of boron to Cu-Al-Be alloys can significantly refine the grains, providing high strength and ductility to the alloys. A factorial design of experiment method was used to optimize the composition and properties of cast Cu-Al-BeB alloys. The optimal microstructure for thermo-elastic martensite can be obtained by adjusting the amounts of aluminum and beryllium to eutectoid or pseudo-eutectoid compositions. An optimized cast Cu-Al-Be-B alloy was developed to provide excellent mechanical properties, tensile strength σb = 767 MPa, elongation δ = 7.62 %, and damping capacity S. D.C =18.70%.     

柱撑膨润土吸附水中苯胺的性能研究

研究了无机、有机和无机-有机柱撑膨润土对水中苯胺的吸附去除性能,结果表明:3种柱撑膨润对苯胺的去除效果明显高于膨润土原土,当投土量为0.2 g时,对苯胺的吸附去除率分别为86.77%、96.38%、92.51%;3种柱撑膨润土对苯胺的吸附在60 min达到平衡;溶液pH值对苯胺的去除有一定的影响,在酸性条件下的去除率略大于中性和碱性;温度升高,苯胺的去除率略有下降.     

Al2O3/TiO2复合膜的结构及光催化性能

利用电沉积方法在铝硫酸阳极氧化膜表面制备了具有光催化活性的T iO2薄膜。分析了A l2O3/T iO2复合膜的结构,观察了薄膜表面形貌及断面构造,并分析了薄膜表面的化学成分,通过紫外光照射下甲基橙溶液的光催化降解反应初步研究了该复合膜的光催化活性。结果表明,未经热处理的A l2O3/T iO2复合膜处于非晶态,550℃热处理3 h后,T iO2转变为锐钛矿结构;沉积在铝氧化膜表面的T iO2薄膜厚度约5μm,呈均匀不连续状态,表面存在大量裂纹,电沉积T iO2过程中基体氧化铝存在着部分溶解;薄膜表面主要由T i、O两种元素构成,同时存在较少量的A l、S、K等元素。该A l2O3/T iO2复合膜可光催化降解甲基橙溶液,具有光催化活性。