Cellic CTec2水解常压甘油自催化预处理麦草的特性探讨

目前市场上商业纤维酶制剂产品很多,不同来源纤维素酶的基质适应性各不相同,所以产糖效果也存在显著差异。为了探究Cellic CTec2（CTec2）这种商业纤维素酶水解木质纤维素的特性,本文通过对酶解率测定探究了CTec2水解甘油预处理麦草的特性。研究发现,CTec2在2%浓度基质上酶解率远远高于其它三种商业纤维素酶-Celluclast1.5L、GC220和Spezyme-CP,而且它们两两之间没有协同水解甘油预处理麦草的作用。CTec2在高基质浓度条件下能较快水解液化木质纤维素基质,在15%基质浓度上按酶蛋白载量为8mg/g基质时,72h酶解率达到39.06%,而同条件下的其它三种酶几乎不能使基质液化。与其它纤维素酶一样,加入适量添加剂可以提高Ctec2水解甘油预处理麦草能力,添加量为0.05g/g基质的PEG10000、吐温20和BSA Ctec2的酶解率分别提高了55.3%、42.5%和38.3%。因此,Ctec2作为一种新型商业纤维素酶制剂,在纤维基质高浓水解方面将会有着潜在的应用前景。      

采用FCF染色法测定粮食破碎率

根据染色剂快绿FCF与粮粒破碎部分能够形成蓝色复合物,该复合物溶于稀Na OH溶液,本研究采用比色方法定量了OD₆₁₀与粮食破碎率之间的关系。建立了FCF染色法测定玉米、小麦及糙米破碎率方法,对5²0 g样品用体积为样品质量克数2倍的0.1%FCF染料染色20 min后,用蒸馏水冲洗直到水显示无色,再用体积为样品质量克数2倍的0.01 mol·L^-1Na OH溶液洗脱样品30 min,对洗脱液采用紫外分光光度计测定OD₆₁₀。整个操作在1 h内完成。该方法检测玉米、小麦及糙米破碎率范围分别在40%、20%及60%以上,但是不适合大米和大豆破碎率检测。OD₆₁₀（y）与破碎率（x）之间的线性方程对玉米、小麦及糙米代表品种分别为y=0.034x+0.316、y=0.071x+0.204、y=0.049x+0.206,相关系数高于0.998。      

Mapping QTL for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Chinese Wheat Landrace

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust is a worldwide disease that seriously reduces wheat grain yield and quality. Adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust is generally more durable but usually controlled by multiple genes with partial resistance. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population was developed from a cross between a Chinese wheat landrace, Tutoumai, with APR to stripe rust, and a highly susceptible wheat cultivar, Siyang 936. The population was genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing and phenotyped for APR to stripe rust in four consecutive field experiments. Three QTLs, QYr.sdau-1BL, QYr.sdau-5BL, and QYr.sdau-6BL, were identified for APR to stripe rust, and explained 8.0–21.2%, 10.1–22.7%, and 11.6–18.0% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. QYr.sdau-1BL was further mapped to a 21.6 Mb region using KASP markers derived from SNPs identified by RNA-seq of the two parents. In the QYr.sdau-1BL region, 13 disease-resistance-related genes were differently expressed between the two parents, and therefore were considered as the putative candidates of QYr.sdau-1BL. This study provides favorable gene/QTL and high-throughput markers to breeding programs for marker-assisted selection of the wheat stripe rust APR genes.     

Whole Body Vibration Improves Brain and Musculoskeletal Health by Modulating the Expression of Tissue-Specific Markers: FNDC5 as a Key Regulator of Vibration Adaptations

Whole body vibration (WBV) is well known to exert beneficial effects on multiple tissues, improving synaptic transmission, muscle mass, bone quality, and reducing anxiety and depressive behavior. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, and organs and tissues may respond differently to the vibratory stimulus depending on multiple factors. Therefore, we investigated the WBV effects on the brain and musculoskeletal tissue of 4-month-old young mice, evaluating synaptic plasticity by electrophysiological recordings and tissue organization by histology and histomorphometric analysis. Specifically, WBV protocols were characterized by the same vibration frequency (45 Hz), but different in vibration exposure time (five series of 3 min for the B protocol and three series of 2 min and 30 s for the C protocol) and recovery time between two vibration sessions (1 min for the B protocol and 2 min and 30 s for the C protocol). In addition, immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), as well as that of tissue-specific markers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain, myostatin in muscle and collagen I (COL-1) in bone. Our results suggest that the WBV effects depend closely on the type of protocol used and support the hypothesis that different organs or tissues have different susceptibility to vibration. Further studies will be needed to deepen our knowledge of physiological adaptations to vibration and develop customized WBV protocols to improve and preserve cognitive and motor functions.     

Increasing the Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Introducing Missense Mutations in the Q Gene

Grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) are important traits for wheat breeding and production; however, they are usually negatively correlated. The Q gene is the most important domestication gene in cultivated wheat because it influences many traits, including GY and GPC. Allelic variations in the Q gene may positively affect both GY and GPC. Accordingly, we characterized two new Q alleles (Q^s1 and Q^c1-N8) obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenesis. Compared with the wild-type Q allele, Q^s1 contains a missense mutation in the sequence encoding the first AP₂ domain, whereas Q^c1-N8 has two missense mutations: one in the sequence encoding the second AP₂ domain and the other in the microRNA172-binding site. The Q^s1 allele did not significantly affect GPC or other processing quality parameters, but it adversely affected GY by decreasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike. In contrast, Q^c1-N8 positively affected GPC and GY by increasing the thousand kernel weight and grain number per spike. Thus, we generated novel germplasm relevant for wheat breeding. A specific molecular marker was developed to facilitate the use of the Q^c1-N8 allele in breeding. Furthermore, our findings provide useful new information for enhancing cereal crops via non-transgenic approaches.     

通信工程建设管理措施研究

在通信行业中,通信建设工程发挥着最为基础性的作用,并且会对通信网络运行产生直接影响.由于通信建设工程本身较为复杂,再加上存在一定的风险性,因而在通信建设工程的时候需要加以科学管理,通信建设工程才能够朝着更加稳定健康的方向发展.文章主要对通信工程建设全过程中的相关管理措施进行了研究,并提出了相应的实践策略.     

工程造价管理中所存在的问题及改革工作探讨

本文分析了当前工程造价管理中存在的主要问题,并对如何深化工程造价管理改革进行探讨。     

混凝土坝温控因素敏感分析及其在多维空间的凝聚方程

采用全过程仿真粘弹性空间有限单元法，对9种温控因素进行了敏感分析，得出温控因素变化浇筑块强约束区中心最高温度、最大基础温差和最大拉应力的影响。在敏感分析的基础上，采用回归分析和拉格郎日插值方法在温控因素多维空间建立了凝聚方程，利用凝聚方程可计算任意施工条件下的最大基础温差和最大拉应力。     

智能动平衡仪中硬件频谱分析的实现

介绍了一种用频率扫描抽取指定频率振动分量有效值的方法实现硬件频谱分析的工作原理，实践证明这种频谱分析法具有占用内存小，硬件电路简单，实现方便的优点。