非对称管件内高压成形过程研究

为了改善两端不对称形状管件内高压成形后的壁厚均匀性,提高管件内高压成形极限,采用Dynaform有限元模拟软件并结合实验,研究了补料压力、轴向补料量对管件成形过程中起皱和破裂的影响.结果表明:当补料压力低于32 MPa时,失效形式为死皱;当补料压力高于42 MPa时,失效形式为破裂,适宜的补料压力区间为34~42 MPa;当左右补料量分别为42和22 mm,整形压力126 MPa时,可得到合格非对称瓶形管件,管件最大膨胀量为70.75%,壁厚最大减薄率为27.12%。通过控制管材在内压和轴向力的作用下发生合理的预成形,包括管材两端的合理补料量以及合理的起皱形状和数量,可在最终的内高压成形中实现更好的壁厚均匀性,提高成形极限。     

Fiber Optic Bend Sensor for In-Process Monitoring of Polymeric Composites

Wrinkles, porosity, delaminations and other defects introduced during the manufacturing processing can compromise mechanical performance of advanced composites. This paper describes a method of using fiber optic sensors for monitoring the formation of graphite fiber bending in real time during manufacturing process. Theoretical formulation of the sensor behavior and experimental results are presented. The response of the sensor to composite fiber bending is characterized. The application to analyzing the formation of wrinkles in compression molding of graphite/epoxy composites is demonstrated.     

轧制边线形成过程的有限元分析

利用有限元软件对空冷后具有一定温度梯度的板坯的轧制过程进行数值模拟计算,研究分析两种不同高温力学特性的钢种在轧制时边角部金属的位移、应变及应力情况,分析边部线状缺陷起源的褶皱的形成过程并通过轧制试验予以验证。分析结果表明,边线形成与变形温度范围内变形抗力的不连续变化具有明显相关性,变形抗力随温度连续变化的钢种轧制过程角部金属不会形成褶皱;变形抗力随变形温度不连续变化的钢种,当板坯角部金属进入两相区时,由于轧制过程两相区变形抗力出现谷值,易出现褶皱并最终演变为边部线状缺陷。     

Nanoethosomal formulation of gammaoryzanol for skin-aging protection and wrinkle improvement: a histopathological study

Background: Free radical scavengers and antioxidants, with the main focus on enhanced targeting to the skin layers, can provide protection against skin ageing.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to prepare nanoethosomal formulation of gammaoryzanol (GO), a water insoluble antioxidant, for its dermal delivery to prevent skin aging.

Methods: Nanoethosomal formulation was prepared by a modified ethanol injection method and characterized by using laser light scattering, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The effects of formulation parameters on nanoparticle size, encapsulation efficiency percent (EE%) and loading capacity percent (LC%) were investigated. Antioxidant activity of GO-loaded formulation was investigated in vitro using normal African green monkey kidney fibroblast cells (Vero). The effect of control and GO-loaded nanoethosomal formulation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of rat skin was also probed. Furthermore, the effect of GO-loaded nanoethosomes on skin wrinkle improvement was studied by dermoscopic and histological examination on healthy humans and UV-irradiated rats, respectively.

Results: The optimized nanoethosomal formulation showed promising characteristics including narrow size distribution 0.17?±?0.02, mean diameter of 98.9?±?0.05?nm, EE% of 97.12?±?3.62%, LC% of 13.87?±?1.36% and zeta potential value of –15.1?±?0.9?mV. The XRD results confirmed uniform drug dispersion in the nanoethosomes structure. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies confirmed the superior antioxidant effect of GO-loaded nanoethosomal formulation compared with control groups (blank nanoethosomes and GO suspension).

Conclusions: Nanoethosomes was a promising carrier for dermal delivery of GO and consequently had superior anti-aging effect.     

热轧双相钢边部褶皱缺陷形成原因分析及改进

针对热轧双相钢带钢边部形成褶皱缺陷的问题,结合金相检测和生产工艺分析,对热轧双相钢边部褶皱缺陷的形成原因进行了分析,结果表明:边部组织差异是导致热轧双相钢边部产生褶皱的主要原因。分析了定宽压力机板坯侧压量、终轧温度、过程温降等与褶皱缺陷的关系,指出减小板坯侧压量和提高终轧温度,可以基本上消除边部褶皱缺陷的产生。     

织物折皱纹理灰度共生矩阵分析

利用图像处理中灰度共生矩阵分析方法,全面系统地分析了织物折皱图像的纹理特征,并利用所获得的参数对织物起皱程度进行评价。结果表明,由于灰度共生矩阵可以完整全面地描述织物纹理特征,因此,可以有效地评价织物免烫等级。     

弯管异常起皱的成因分析

指出由于制管过程操作不当,致使管坯局部产生了异常的压应力和压应变,形成“反光带”,并在“反光带”处出现弯管异常起皱。根据“反光带”厚度和硬度的微小变化形态,运用应力-应变理论揭示出在“反光带”处弯管异常起皱的成因,即:当积聚在“反光带”内的残余压应力和残余压应变与弯曲时内侧圆弧处产生的压应力及塑性压缩变形相互叠加后,导致弯曲圆弧内侧管壁上承受的压应力和压应变超过管壁自身变形抗力及壁厚增厚所能承载的塑性变形量时,管壁被压溃,进而失稳起皱。     

薄壁浅球形件拉伸模

通过分析薄壁浅球形件的成形工艺性 ,设计了1副拉伸模具 ,使拉伸件表面光滑无皱纹 ,取得满意的效果 ,并介绍了有关设计注意事项     

织物表面折皱的小波分析与自组织神经网络等级评定

为了提取较为精细的图像信息,引入了多尺度2维小波分析织物的表面折皱。织物图像首先经过高斯滤波,再利用小波变换分解并从中提取高频信息,然后结合4种表征织物折皱的特征参数,计算不同折皱等级模板的特征值,通过分析特征值与折皱等级的相关系数,表明这4种特征参数可以作为模式识别的输入量;最后采用Kohonen自组织神经网络客观评定织物的折皱等级,自组织神经网络将不同等级的织物折皱模板进行分类,并以此为依据,确定26种不同织物类型的折皱等级。为了定量描述评定结果,通过计算客观评定与主观评定结果的相关系数,验证该方法的可行性。     

基于Dynaform的汽车发动机盖内板成形分析

对汽车发动机盖内板的成形过程进行了研究,基于数值模拟的方法对其成形过程进行了有限元仿真分析,得到零件的成形极限图和厚度变化图,并以此来判断成形效果。针对成形过程中出现的拉深不足和起皱等缺陷,通过反复调整工艺参数和拉深筋尺寸及分布,得出了较好的零件成形状态,零件的最大减薄率为22.8%,最大增厚率为5.9%。根据该工艺方案进行了实际冲压试验,通过比较仿真分析与试验结果不同测点位置的厚度,其偏差小于3%,从而验证了两者的一致性。研究结果表明,数值模拟分析用于板料成形分析是可行的,能够提高设计生产效率。