Hypotensive effect of a sweetpotato protein digest in spontaneously hypertensive rats and purification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides

We have investigated angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in an enzyme digest of sweetpotato protein, the antihypertensive effect of the digest in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and the identification of an ACE inhibitory peptide. Protein was prepared from squeezed juice of sweetpotato by isoelectric focusing precipitation. Three kinds of proteases were selected for effective protein digestion. The digest, sweetpotato peptide (SPP), exhibited strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 18.2 μg/ml). SPP was orally administered by gavage to SHR at a dose of 100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg. The systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure were measured at 0 (before administration), 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after administration. A dose-dependent decrease in systolic blood pressure in SHR was observed after oral administration of SPP. Significant differences between SPP-administered rats and control rats were observed 4 and 8 h after administration in the 500 mg/kg-administered group and 8 h after administration in the 100 mg/kg-administered group. Diastolic blood pressure also decreased in the SPP-administered groups, although the difference between SPP-administered rats and control rats was not significant. These results suggest that SPP may be useful in the prevention or treatment of hypertension. Peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were purified from SPP by absorption chromatography and preparative HPLC using an ODS column. The amino acid sequences of isolated peptides were I-T-P, I-I-P, G-Q-Y and S-T-Y-Q-T; their ACE inhibitory activities (IC₅₀) were 9.5 μM, 80.8 μM, 52.3 μM and 300.4 μM, respectively. In conclusion, I-T-P is a novel, strong ACE inhibitory peptide.     

拟穴青蟹原肌球蛋白抗原表位适配体小肽的筛选与鉴定

目的筛选对拟穴青蟹过敏原原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin,TM)抗原表位具有特异性结合能力的适配体小肽,并鉴定适配体小肽对TM的免疫结合活性的抑制作用。方法采用ExPASy peptide cutter软件预测TM分子中胰蛋白酶酶切位点,结合TM线性表位设计反义小肽,经AutoDock 4.0软件模拟分子对接,筛选得到适配体小肽。采用抑制性ELISA的方法,检测筛选的适配体小肽对TM与特异性IgG抗体结合活性的抑制作用。结果 TM氨基酸序列中有25个胰蛋白酶酶切位点,设计TM的31条反义小肽,利用分子对接筛选得到12个适配体小肽。抑制性ELISA结果显示,12条适配体小肽均能明显抑制TM与IgG抗体的特异性结合,其中适配体小肽5抑制能力最强,其抑制率为36.2%。结论通过分子对接筛选得到能明显抑制TM免疫结合活性的适配体小肽,为降低TM致敏性的研究提供理论参考。     

酶法制备花生粕醒酒多肽

为更合理有效地利用花生粕资源,制备具有醒酒作用的花生粕多肽,本实验以Alcalase AF 2.4L蛋白酶酶法制备花生粕醒酒肽,经分级分离后,通过体外和动物实验验证其醒酒效果。结果表明,花生粕醒酒肽制备最佳工艺条件为：酶解时间3 h、酶解温度35 ℃、pH 9.5及料液比1∶30（m/V）。该条件下乙醇脱氢酶（alcoholdehydrogenase,ADH）激活率及多肽得率均较高。经分级分离后,分子质量在1 000～3 000 D的多肽对ADH激活作用最强,激活率为30.47%。G25凝胶色谱分析表明,花生粕多肽中小于3 000 D的多肽占89.55%,ADH激活率为29.25%。动物实验证明,花生粕多肽对小鼠有显著的防醉醒酒作用。小鼠血液乙醇含量测定结果表明,高剂量的花生粕多肽在60～90 min内能显著降低小鼠血液中的乙醇含量。     

酶法制备小分子大豆肽的蛋白酶筛选以及酶解条件优化

本研究对制备小分子大豆肽的蛋白酶进行筛选,并对酶解条件进行优化。综合考虑酶量对产物的水解度、平均分子量及游离氨基酸的影响,确定酶解的最佳条件为:温度55℃,pH值8.5,底物浓度为10%,分别加入1.5%的木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、无花果蛋白酶和3942中性蛋白酶,调pH值至4.5,再分别加入2.5%的Fromase真菌蛋白酶和537酸性蛋白酶。结果显示,多酶复合水解可提高蛋白质降解率,并尽可能降低多肽的相对分子质量。     

罗非鱼皮胶原肽的制备及抗氧化活性研究

采用酶法从罗非鱼皮中制取胶原肽,选用动物蛋白水解酶,当酶的添加量为0.5%,61℃,pH 6.7下水解3 h时,蛋白质的回收率为92.97%,水解度为9.37%.水解产物90%以上相对分子质量低于10 kD的胶原肽.胶原肽对由Fe^2＋引发的卵磷脂脂质体过氧化有一定抑制作用,同时对·OH具备一定的清除作用.     

大枣多肽裂解液抗肿瘤作用研究

目的:探讨大枣多肽裂解液抗肿瘤作用并初步探讨其抗肿瘤机制,为其临床应用提供实验室依据。方法:将接种肿瘤后的小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只小鼠,雌雄各半,给药10d,停药后24h处死动物,称小鼠体重,剥离小鼠右腋下皮下组织,摘出肿瘤,称瘤重,测定生化指标。结果:对肉瘤(S180)、肝癌(Hep)、胃癌(MFC)细胞荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有明显的抑制作用,其中对S180作用显著,较低剂量即可显示明显作用,延长S180荷瘤鼠生存时间;同时可增加吞噬指数α、廓清指数K、及胸腺系数;对体外淋巴细胞转化功能亦有增强作用。结论:大枣多肽裂解液具有明显抗肿瘤活性。     

Release of short and proline-rich antihypertensive peptides from casein hydrolysate with an Aspergillus oryzae protease

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activities were measured after hydrolysis of casein by 9 different commercially available proteolytic enzymes. Among these enzymes, a protease isolated from Aspergillus oryzae showed the highest angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity per peptide. The A. oryzae peptide also showed the highest antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats when the systolic blood pressure was measured 5 h after oral administration of 32 mg/kg of various enzymatic hydrolysates. Significant antihypertensive effects were observed with dosages of 9.6, 32, and 96 mg of the A. oryzae peptide/kg of body weight (BW), and the effects were dependent on these peptide dosages.Analysis of peptide length showed the A. oryzae hydrolysate was the shortest of all tested casein hydrolysates; the peptide mixture had an average value of 1.4 amino acids (AA) in the sequence. To further characterize the A. oryzae hydrolysate, we analyzed the AA sequence of the whole peptide mixture. Various AA were detected at the first AA position, however, an increased number of Pro residues were observed at the second and third position of the A. oryzae hydrolysate. No strong signals were detected after the fourth AA position of the A. oryzae hydrolysate. These results suggest that the casein hydrolysate of A. oryzae, which expressed potent antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats, mainly contain short peptides of X-Pro and X-Pro-Pro sequences.     

牦牛乳硬质干酪苦味肽的分离与特征鉴定

为了探究牦牛乳硬质干酪中苦味肽组成特征,采用氯仿-甲醇法提取苦味肽,通过Sephadex G-25葡聚糖凝胶色谱进行分离纯化,并利用液相色谱-串联质谱（liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS）对其分离的苦味较强组分进行特征鉴定。结果表明：经Sephadex G-25葡聚糖凝胶色谱分离得到3 个不同分子质量的组分,组分Ⅱ具有明显苦味。LC-MS/MS鉴定出组分Ⅱ中存在14 种苦味肽,主要为氨基酸残基数目7～17 个、分子质量小于2 000 D的小肽,苦味肽序列中存在的疏水性氨基酸主要有脯氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸,800～1 500 D苦味肽占64.29%,源自β-酪蛋白（β-casein,β-CN）降解产物的苦味肽占92.86%。因此,干酪成熟过程中源自β-CN的具有较强疏水性、分子质量小于2 000 D的混合多肽的积累可能对干酪苦味的产生有较大影响。     

葛根抗氧化肽的分离及清除自由基活性研究

目的：分离纯化葛根抗氧化肽并对其进行体外清除自由基活性的研究。方法：以野生葛根为实验材料,经30%的乙醇浸提、透析、冷冻干燥,进一步采用DEAE阴离子交换层析,反相高效液相色谱的方法,对葛根抗氧化肽进行纯化,对不同组分进行还原能力的测定,还原能力最强的命名为PE1。对PE1进行茚三酮反应和分子质量测定。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、DPPH法、Fenton反应法检测PE1体外对超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除作用。结果：反相高效液相色谱检测PE1纯度,显示为单一峰,PE1与茚三酮反应呈阳性,分子质量约为746D,PE1在体外可以有效清除以上3种自由基。在质量浓度为0.652mg/mL时,羟自由基清除率可达到80.01%;在5mg/mL质量浓度条件下,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率高达97.35%;在3.5mg/mL质量浓度条件下,对DPPH自由基的清除率达到75.02%,其IC50为2.83mg/mL。结论：PE1具有较强的清除自由基活性。     

A Multiple‐Labeling Strategy for Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases Using Active‐Site‐Directed Proteomic Probes for Adenylation Domains

Genetic approaches have greatly contributed to our understanding of nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic machinery; however, proteomic investigations are limited. Here, we developed a highly sensitive detection strategy for multidomain nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) by using a multiple‐labeling technique with active‐site‐directed probes for adenylation domains. When applied to gramicidin S‐producing and ‐nonproducing strains of Aneurinibacillus migulanus (DSM 5759 and DSM 2895, respectively), the multiple technique sensitively detected an active multidomain NRPS (GrsB) in lysates obtained from the organisms. This functional proteomics method revealed an unknown inactive precursor (or other inactive form) of GrsB in the nonproducing strain. This method provides a new option for the direct detection, functional analysis, and high‐resolution identification of low‐abundance active NRPS enzymes in native proteomic environments.