基于烯胺酮中间体 “一锅两步”法合成β-羰基砜衍生物

以苯乙酮为起始原料,采用"一锅两步"法制备了β-羰基砜衍生物。首先,在100℃下将苯乙酮衍生物与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲基缩醛(DMF-DMA)反应生成活泼的烯胺酮中间体;随后,在80℃下加入甲苯为溶剂、以六水三氯化铁/叔丁基过氧化氢为催化氧化体系、磺酰肼为磺酰基来源,经历自由基加成、氧化、亲核取代反应,最终脱去N,N-二甲基甲酰胺得到终产物,以30%～64%的收率合成了18种具有不同取代基的β-羰基砜衍生物,采用1HNMR、13CNMR对终产物进行了结构鉴定。结果表明:该法具有良好的底物普适性,多种取代基团,如甲基、甲氧基、卤素、噻吩、呋喃和萘等都能顺利地发生转化得到相应的β-羰基砜衍生物。     

双羟基吡喃酮化合物的合成及清除自由基性能

以麦芽酚或乙基麦芽酚为起始原料，经乙酰化、钯碳氢化、羰基α位乙酰氧化和脱乙酰基等4步反应，合成了两种双羟基吡喃酮化合物。利用核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和高分辨质谱对每一步反应产物进了结构表征，优化了合成反应工艺，并通过清除自由基反应对化合物的抗氧化活性进行了测试。结果表明，双羟基吡喃酮化合物对ABTS+?、DPPH?和galvinoxyl?三种自由基清除率分别达到88.9%、83.8%和68.4%，明显高于维生素E和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的自由基清除率，表现出优异的抗氧化活性。构效关系研究表明，在吡喃酮结构中引入羟基或增强侧链取代基的给电子能力均能提高化合物清除自由基的能力，为新型抗氧化剂的合成开发提供了参考。     

影响自由基聚合立体定向力的因素

在自由基聚合中,生成间规立构的趋势稍优先于等规立构。通常认为,碳碳双键上取代基的体积效应和极性效应,是加成反应的立体定向力;而作者则认为,极性呈静电排斥效应是决定间规立构含量较优的主要因素。取代基的体积效应具有两个因素同时决定着立体异构的形成,其一是热力学因素,即体积的排斥效应使间规立构含量增加;另一是动力学因素,即在加成反应瞬间影响链末端碳碳单键内旋转的自由度。因此,取代基的存在不仅使得间规立构占主导,而且取代基体积越小,则自由基的碳碳单键内旋转越容易,形成间规立构的比例亦越高;反之则内旋转不自由,形成随机取向(即无规立构)的比例增加。     

超微细改性Al(OH)3填充LDPE/EVA的研究

Al(OH）3是LDPE／EVA主要的阻燃，消烟填充剂。研究了不同粒度，表面处理及填充量的Al(OH）3对LDPE／EVA的氧指数（OI），烟密度等级（SDR）和物理机械性能的影响。     

Neural-network-based stochastic linear quadratic optimal tracking control scheme for unknown discrete-time systems using adaptive dynamic programming

In this paper, a stochastic linear quadratic optimal tracking scheme is proposed for unknown linear discrete-time (DT) systems based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm. First, an augmented system composed of the original system and the command generator is constructed and then an augmented stochastic algebraic equation is derived based on the augmented system. Next, to obtain the optimal control strategy, the stochastic case is converted into the deterministic one by system transformation, and then an ADP algorithm is proposed with convergence analysis. For the purpose of realizing the ADP algorithm, three back propagation neural networks including model network, critic network and action network are devised to guarantee unknown system model, optimal value function and optimal control strategy, respectively. Finally, the obtained optimal control strategy is applied to the original stochastic system, and two simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Adaptive Kalman filter for MEMS IMU data fusion using enhanced covariance scaling

MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-system) IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensors are characteristically noisy and this presents a serious problem to their effective use. The Kalman filter assumes zero-mean Gaussian process and measurement noise variables, and then recursively computes optimal state estimates. However, establishing the exact noise statistics is a non-trivial task. Additionally, this noise often varies widely in operation. Addressing this challenge is the focus of adaptive Kalman filtering techniques. In the covariance scaling method, the process and measurement noise covariance matrices Q and R are uniformly scaled by a scalar-quantity attenuating window. This study proposes a new approach where individual elements of Q and R are scaled element-wise to ensure more granular adaptation of noise components and hence improve accuracy. In addition, the scaling is performed over a smoothly decreasing window to balance aggressiveness of response and stability in steady state. Experimental results show that the root mean square errors for both pith and roll axes are significantly reduced compared to the conventional noise adaptation method, albeit at a slightly higher computational cost. Specifically, the root mean square pitch errors are 1.1? under acceleration and 2.1? under rotation, which are significantly less than the corresponding errors of the adaptive complementary filter and conventional covariance scaling-based adaptive Kalman filter tested under the same conditions.     

Neural network-based adaptive decentralized learning control for interconnected systems with input constraints

In this paper, the neural network-based adaptive decentralized learning control is investigated for nonlinear interconnected systems with input constraints. Because the decentralized control of interconnected systems is related to the optimal control of each isolated subsystem, the decentralized control strategy can be established by a series of optimal control policies. A novel policy iteration algorithm is presented to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation related to the optimal control problem. This algorithm is implemented under the actor-critic structure where both neural networks are simultaneously updated to approximate the optimal control policy and the optimal cost function, respectively. The additional stabilizing term is introduced and an improved weight updating law is derived, which relaxes the requirement of initial admissible control policy. Besides, the input constraints of interconnected systems are taken into account and the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is solved in the presence of input constraints. The interconnected system states and the weight approximation errors of two neural networks are proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded by utilizing Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized learning control method is verified by simulation results.     

"理论·仿真·创新"教学模式在电气类课程中的应用 ——以高职院校配网可靠性教学为例

当前,"先理论再实践"、"老师教,学生学",这一传统的课堂教学模式与现在"大众创业,万众创新"的国家战略部署对人才培养的要求不符合,亟待改革。实施"理论·仿真·创新"的教学模式,能很好地解决电气类高职专业课教学中存在的高危险、高成本、难看到、难理解、难再现等问题;能提高学生学习能力、动手能力、创新能力,更好地达到教育教学目标。     

鸡骨草多糖的微波预处理提取工艺及其羟基自由基清除作用研究

研究鸡骨草多糖的微波预处理提取工艺及其对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用。以多糖得率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验设计对微波预处理提取工艺条件进行优化,并研究鸡骨草多糖对·OH的清除率以评价其体外抗氧化活性。最佳提取工艺条件为:解析剂比7∶1(m L/g),微波功率560 W,微波时间90 s,液料比40∶1(m L/g),磁力搅拌速度1 950r/min,提取温度80℃,提取时间40 min,该工艺条件下,鸡骨草多糖得率可达5.43%。与热水浸提法、超声波提取法等相比,微波预处理提取法可大大缩短提取时间,提高提取效率。清除·OH试验研究表明,鸡骨草多糖对·OH具有一定的清除作用,当鸡骨草多糖的质量浓度为0.5 mg/m L时,鸡骨草多糖对·OH的清除率可达87.24%。微波预处理提取具有省时高效的特点,特别适用于多糖类物质的提取。     

超声波灭活水中微生物试验研究

为了探讨超声波灭菌作用机制,进一步为超声波用于净水厂污泥无害化处理提供技术支持,试验采用实验室模拟水样,研究了超声功率(250~1 500 W)、频率(25 k Hz和40 k Hz)对大肠菌群灭活效果、超声空化强度和羟基自由基产量的影响.结果表明:相同时间和频率下,在超声功率为250~1 500 W时,大肠菌群灭活率随着功率的增大先逐渐上升,达到1 250 W后,灭活效果变化不明显;相同时间和功率条件下,40 k Hz灭活效果优于25 k Hz.超声空化强度和羟基自由基的产量与灭活率规律相似,超声灭活率随着超声过程中超声空化强度和羟基自由基产量的增大而增大.通过投加自由基掩蔽剂碳酸氢钠(Na HCO3)掩蔽自由基氧化作用判定羟基自由基在超声灭菌过程中的确产生了灭活作用,但作用比较弱.