Influence of bubble diameter and solids concentration on bubble stability: Development of a novel analytical approach

The properties and thickness of the bubbles in the froth control the flotation process. There is no work showing how to measure bubble film composition and thickness by a straightforward manner. In this work, a novel approach, a custom-designed bubble cell associated with layer interferometry（in the UV-vis region） and FT-IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of solid particle type（hydrophilic vs hydrophobic）, concentration and bubble diameter on stability of a bubble blown in air. Stability was quantified by measuring bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness. Kerosene with silicone oil as a foaming agent was used to evaluate the impact of bubble diameter（test series I）. Frother solutions（MIBC, Dowfroth 250, Hexanol and F-150） were used for the solid type concentration experiments（test series II）. In the first series of experiments, it was determined that as the diameter of a bubble increased from 10 to 25 mm, so did the hydrated film thickness from 350 to 1000 nm. In the second series, as the silica concentration increased（0 to 10%）, an increase in bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness was resulted（130%-250%）. An impact of solid hydrophobicity was found but to a lesser degree than expected. It is possible that the small particle size（〈0.1 m） of silica was responsible for this behavior. The findings are used to interpret the effect of solids in flotation froth.     

Investigation of effective dimensionless numbers on initiation of instability in combustion of moisty organic dust简

In this work, the effect of various effective dimensionless numbers and moisture contents on initiation of instability in combustion of moisty organic dust is calculated. To have reliable model, effect of thermal radiation is taken into account. One- dimensional flame structure is divided into three zones： preheat zone, reaction zone and post-flame zone. To investigate pulsating characteristics of flame, governing equations are rewritten in dimensionless space-time （（, r/, ~） coordinates. By solving these newly achieved governing equations and combining them, which is completely discussed in body of article, a new expression is obtained. By solving this equation, it is possible to predict initiation of instability in organic dust flame. According to the obtained results by increasing Lewis number, threshold of instability happens sooner. On the other hand, pulsating is postponed by increasing Damk6hler number, pyrolysis temperature or moisture content. Also, by considering thermal radiation effect, burning velocity predicted by our model is closer to experimental results.     

A novel approach to prevent bubble coalescence during measurement of bubble size in flotation简

Effect of frothers in preventing bubble coalescence during flotation of minerals has long been investigated. To evaluate the performance of a frother, an apparatus to measure the bubble size is a basic necessity. McGill Bubble Size Analyzer （MBSA） or bubble viewer that has been developed and completed by McGill University＇s Mineral Processing Group during the last decade is a unique instrument to serve this purpose. Two parameters which are thought to influence the bubble size measurements by McGill bubble viewer include water quality and frother concentration in the chamber. Results show that there is no difference in Sauter mean （D32） when tap or de-ionized water was used instead of process water. However, the frother concentration, in this research DowFroth 250 （DF250）, inside the chamber exhibited a pronounced effect on bubble size. Frother concentration below a certain point can not prevent coalescence inside the chamber and therefore caution must be taken in plant applications. It was also noted that the frother concentration which has been so far practiced in plant measurements （CCC75-CCC95） is high enough to prevent coalescence with the bubble viewer.     

Correspondence of bubble size and frother partitioning in flotation

The size of bubbles created in the flotation process is of great importance to the efficiency of the mineral separation achieved. Meanwhile, it is believed that frother transport between phases is perhaps the most important reason for the interactive nature of the phenomena occurring in the bulk and froth phases in flotation, as frother adsorbed in the surface of rising bubbles is removed from the bulk phase and then released into the froth as a fraction of the bubbles burst. This causes the increased concentration in the froth compared to the bulk concentration, named as frother partitioning. Partitioning reflects the adsorption of frother on bubbles and how to influence bubble size is not known. There currently exists no such a topic aiming to link these two key parameters. To fill this vacancy, the correspondence between bubble size and frother partitioning was examined. Bubble size was measured by sampling-for-imaging （SFI） technique. Using total organic carbon （TOC） analysis to measure the frother partitioning between froth and bulk phases was determined. Measurements have shown, with no exceptions including four different frothers, higher frother concentration is in the bulk than in the froth. The results also show strong partitioning giving an increase in bubble size which implies there is a compelling relationship between these two, represented byCFroth/CBulk andD32. TheCFroth/CBulk andD32 curves show similar exponential decay relationships as a function of added frother in the system, strongly suggesting that the frother concentration gradient between the bulk solution and the bubble interface is the driving force contributing to bubble size reduction.     

矩形通道弹状流液膜特性

为了深入探究矩形通道内弹状流机理,利用高速摄像系统,对矩形通道(3.25 mm×40 mm)内弹状流进行了可视化研究。实验中发现,泰勒气泡长度LT随分气相雷诺数ReG近似线性增长,但随着分液相雷诺数ReL增加,LT的增长速率减小。液膜脱离泰勒气泡时厚度δf随ReG增加而减小并趋于稳定,随ReL增加而增大。δf主要由ReG、ReL和LT决定;LT≥150 mm时,δf趋于稳定。液膜脱离泰勒气泡时速度Vf随ReL增加而增大。在低ReL时,Vf方向向下并随ReG增加而减小;当ReL≥9 102时,液膜始终向上运动,Vf随ReG变化较小,主要受ReL影响。通过数据回归分别得到了LT、δf和液膜相对脱离速度Vfr计算关联式,其与实验数据符合相对较好。     

斜拉人行桥多维脉动风荷载模拟研究

研究了大跨轻柔斜拉人行桥多维脉动风荷载模拟问题。首先基于多变量随机过程理论建立了桥梁结构风荷载模型的互谱和自谱表达式,进一步地基于相干函数考虑了塔-索-桥的风荷载相关效应。通过引入Fourier变换减小了随机过程模拟的计算量。在此基础上,以某实际的大跨度轻柔斜拉人行桥为工程背景,研究了其考虑塔-索-桥相关性的多维脉动风荷载特点和规律,并对模拟结果进行了验证和对比研究。     

模糊控制在抑制直流无刷电机转矩脉动中的应用

根据直流无刷电机出现转矩脉动的最根本原因,采用模糊控制算法,设计一种电流控制器,使其采用模糊算法控制非换相电流,实现降低换相引起的转矩脉动。并通过仿真实验验证了该系统具有强鲁棒性,改善了系统的动静态特性,有效抑制转矩脉动的产生。     

多超声振子作用下气泡动力学数值模拟

超声对强化吸收制冷循环中发生器内溴化锂水溶液沸腾传热有重要意义,目前开展的相关研究较少,尤其多超声振子气泡动力学方面的理论尚未报道。为探究振子数量对溶液空化特性的影响,构建多振子气泡动力学模型,以纯水为例验证了模型准确性,探讨了不同影响因素对溶液空化特性的影响。模拟结果表明：总声强为1 W/cm²,振子数量由1增加至5时,空化气泡最大半径增加了44.12%,振子数量达到24～25个时,气泡最大半径增加率仅为1%;发生压力对空化效应的影响随着振子数量的增多而增大,单振子在吸收制冷系统的真空发生器更易产生稳态空化,而多振子更易在真空发生器内产生瞬态空化;多振子频率均匀度越小,空化强度越大,声强均匀度对空化强度的影响可忽略。     

大脑脉动血流电导率孔隙导电模型仿真

脑血液电导率是脑阻抗成像和脑疾病评估的重要参数.为了研究脑部脉动血液电导率变化机理,该文基于Maxwell-Fricke原理建立血液红细胞绝缘孔隙导电模型,以血流动力学参数为指标,研究血流电导率与红细胞绝缘孔隙几何参数之间的数值关系.在此基础上构建具有孔隙导电结构的高分辨率大脑Willis环模型,利用耦合非线性微分方程计算脑动脉血流动力学参数的时空分布,模拟非均匀电导率血液的等效体积电导率.结果表明,与不考虑孔隙取向的定常血流模型电导率相比,一个心动周期内孔隙导电模型的电导率峰值增大27.6％,其余时刻增大约12％,增大比例与心脏泵血时期密切相关.仿真结果与真实脉动血液电导率具有较好的一致性,使用该文所提出的模型能够准确预测不同血液流变条件下的在体血流电导率.     

密度泛函理论在聚合物发泡领域中的应用研究进展

阐述了在发泡领域引入密度泛函理论的原因,综述了国内外对密度泛函理论的研究现状,详细介绍了密度泛函理论在高分子体系中尤其是在发泡领域中的发展与应用研究进展;总结了基于均相成核、非均相成核方法并结合不同动力学、热力学公式的创新的密度泛函模型,并对这些模型的应用进行了综述;将密度泛函模型与其他计算模型进行比对,以体现出其在聚合物发泡机理研究中的独特性。