Correspondence of bubble size and frother partitioning in flotation

The size of bubbles created in the flotation process is of great importance to the efficiency of the mineral separation achieved. Meanwhile, it is believed that frother transport between phases is perhaps the most important reason for the interactive nature of the phenomena occurring in the bulk and froth phases in flotation, as frother adsorbed in the surface of rising bubbles is removed from the bulk phase and then released into the froth as a fraction of the bubbles burst. This causes the increased concentration in the froth compared to the bulk concentration, named as frother partitioning. Partitioning reflects the adsorption of frother on bubbles and how to influence bubble size is not known. There currently exists no such a topic aiming to link these two key parameters. To fill this vacancy, the correspondence between bubble size and frother partitioning was examined. Bubble size was measured by sampling-for-imaging （SFI） technique. Using total organic carbon （TOC） analysis to measure the frother partitioning between froth and bulk phases was determined. Measurements have shown, with no exceptions including four different frothers, higher frother concentration is in the bulk than in the froth. The results also show strong partitioning giving an increase in bubble size which implies there is a compelling relationship between these two, represented byCFroth/CBulk andD32. TheCFroth/CBulk andD32 curves show similar exponential decay relationships as a function of added frother in the system, strongly suggesting that the frother concentration gradient between the bulk solution and the bubble interface is the driving force contributing to bubble size reduction.     

Influence of bubble diameter and solids concentration on bubble stability: Development of a novel analytical approach

The properties and thickness of the bubbles in the froth control the flotation process. There is no work showing how to measure bubble film composition and thickness by a straightforward manner. In this work, a novel approach, a custom-designed bubble cell associated with layer interferometry（in the UV-vis region） and FT-IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of solid particle type（hydrophilic vs hydrophobic）, concentration and bubble diameter on stability of a bubble blown in air. Stability was quantified by measuring bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness. Kerosene with silicone oil as a foaming agent was used to evaluate the impact of bubble diameter（test series I）. Frother solutions（MIBC, Dowfroth 250, Hexanol and F-150） were used for the solid type concentration experiments（test series II）. In the first series of experiments, it was determined that as the diameter of a bubble increased from 10 to 25 mm, so did the hydrated film thickness from 350 to 1000 nm. In the second series, as the silica concentration increased（0 to 10%）, an increase in bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness was resulted（130%-250%）. An impact of solid hydrophobicity was found but to a lesser degree than expected. It is possible that the small particle size（〈0.1 m） of silica was responsible for this behavior. The findings are used to interpret the effect of solids in flotation froth.     

A novel approach to prevent bubble coalescence during measurement of bubble size in flotation简

Effect of frothers in preventing bubble coalescence during flotation of minerals has long been investigated. To evaluate the performance of a frother, an apparatus to measure the bubble size is a basic necessity. McGill Bubble Size Analyzer （MBSA） or bubble viewer that has been developed and completed by McGill University＇s Mineral Processing Group during the last decade is a unique instrument to serve this purpose. Two parameters which are thought to influence the bubble size measurements by McGill bubble viewer include water quality and frother concentration in the chamber. Results show that there is no difference in Sauter mean （D32） when tap or de-ionized water was used instead of process water. However, the frother concentration, in this research DowFroth 250 （DF250）, inside the chamber exhibited a pronounced effect on bubble size. Frother concentration below a certain point can not prevent coalescence inside the chamber and therefore caution must be taken in plant applications. It was also noted that the frother concentration which has been so far practiced in plant measurements （CCC75-CCC95） is high enough to prevent coalescence with the bubble viewer.     

圆柱形反应器声场中的空化气泡实验

基于圆柱形反应器声场中特定位置处的空化噪声谱图和空化泡振动理论,提出了一种计算声场中空化泡大小及数量分布的方法。     

气泡雾化细水雾装备灭火实验研究

利用气泡雾化压力低、用气量小和雾化效果好的特点, 结合目前已有的移动细水雾灭火装备开发了一套背负式气泡雾化细水雾灭火装备.对木垛火进行灭火实验, 分析了细水雾灭火过程中不同阶段的主导灭火机理.实验结果表明:利用气泡雾化细水雾灭火装备可有效控制和扑救木垛火, 对于0.6A以下的木垛火, 可在150 s内扑灭, 0.8A的木垛则出现了复燃现象, 由于木条的相互遮挡, 对于木垛火的扑救应灵活调整射水距离和角度, 压制火焰, 预防复燃.     

矩形通道弹状流液膜特性

为了深入探究矩形通道内弹状流机理,利用高速摄像系统,对矩形通道(3.25 mm×40 mm)内弹状流进行了可视化研究。实验中发现,泰勒气泡长度LT随分气相雷诺数ReG近似线性增长,但随着分液相雷诺数ReL增加,LT的增长速率减小。液膜脱离泰勒气泡时厚度δf随ReG增加而减小并趋于稳定,随ReL增加而增大。δf主要由ReG、ReL和LT决定;LT≥150 mm时,δf趋于稳定。液膜脱离泰勒气泡时速度Vf随ReL增加而增大。在低ReL时,Vf方向向下并随ReG增加而减小;当ReL≥9 102时,液膜始终向上运动,Vf随ReG变化较小,主要受ReL影响。通过数据回归分别得到了LT、δf和液膜相对脱离速度Vfr计算关联式,其与实验数据符合相对较好。     

高聚物喷孔上气泡的行为

研究了水中有机玻璃、硬聚乙烯喷咀上气泡生长的过程，探讨了气流率、喷孔形状对气泡形成的影响，并导出了气泡直径和气泡扩展直径的计算公式．关联式计算值与实验值相吻合．     

固壁上液体内气泡附着的热力学分析

研究了液体内的单个球形气泡附着在固壁上的物理过程,推导了附着前后的体系自由能变化公式.考虑气泡受到浮力和表面张力作用,当接触角在0°～180°之间时,体系的△G<0,气泡的附着过程靠减少表面积会自发地进行:当接触角为0°或180°时,体系的△G=0,附着过程不会自发进行.气泡不会自发从固壁上脱落,必须有额外功才能发生.     

静止非牛顿流体中气泡生成过程的传质

气泡生成过程中气液传质是气液接触设备的设计、优化的重要参考指标。以二氧化碳气泡在羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC)溶液中生成过程中的传质为研究对象,分别考察了气速、CMC溶液浓度、针头直径对气泡生成过程气液传质的影响,采用具有CCD显微相机的动态接触角分析仪测量了气泡形状、表面积和体积的变化,进而获得气泡生成过程气液传质系数k_l。实验结果表明,CMC浓度从0.2%增加到0.8%,黏度逐渐增大,传质系数随CMC浓度的增大而增大;针头直径从2.5 mm增加到4 mm,传质系数也随之增大;气速从1 ml·min^-1增加到9 ml·min^-1,传质系数也逐渐增大。