新型低压细水雾喷头设计与优化

本文介绍了细水雾喷头雾化机理,并针对传统细水雾喷头存在的雾化锥角较小、压力较高、保护半径过小的缺点,设计了一种新型低压细水雾喷头.该喷头创新采用了混合旁通管设计和气泡雾化技术相结合的方案,同时在喷头末端配多规格喷嘴、防尘罩、玻璃球等配件.应用连续性方程、动量守恒方程和k-ε湍流模型方程,通过计算流体动力学软件分别进行了单相流和两相流的二维流动数值模拟.模拟结果表明,大约20s后流体趋于稳定,模拟得到喷头腔内到喷嘴处压力渐弱,从0.8MPa衰减到0.1MPa,水雾速度由6m/s加速到大约60m/s,雾化锥角超过15°.结合该喷头结构进行分析,表明该喷头相对传统低压细水雾喷头具有雾化锥角大、作用半径大、轴向动量充足的优点.     

基于Level Set方法的水中气泡上升过程数值模拟

基于Level Set方法发展了一种高分辨率的求解气液相界面迁移特性的数值方法。通过三步RungeKutta Crank-Nicholson投影方法求解流场,Level Set方法捕捉气液交界面位置。在验证算法的捕捉性能的基础上,研究了气泡在水中上升过程的变形以及运动特性。分析结果显示气泡上升过程中的变形是气泡顶部/底部压差、两侧涡及表面张力综合作用的结果;气泡在接近壁面时由于两侧不对称涡及壁面排挤作用的影响,上升过程不断向中心区域靠近并伴随有逆时针旋转;气泡初始位置距壁面越近,壁面的影响越显著。     

压力对R134a流动换热特性的影响

实验研究了压力参数对R134a在螺旋管内流动换热特性的影响,结果表明在液态单相对流换热阶段,换热系数随压力升高而减小,在流动沸腾换热阶段,换热系数随压力的升高而增大。从压力对定压比热容、气泡行为特性影响的角度解释了原因。实验结果可为应用于空调器的螺旋管式蒸发器设计计算提供基础数据。     

加热面边界条件对MEB形成过程的影响

为研究加热面周围边界条件对气泡微细化沸腾的影响,结合实验与数值模拟对加热面低于水箱底面0.5 mm以及与之齐平两种条件下加热面上气泡行为和气泡周围流场进行对比分析。实验结果表明,50 K过冷度下,加热面齐平时,会发生旺盛的MEB现象,而对于加热面下沉时,微细化沸腾现象不发生。数值分析表明,加热面下沉时,气泡周围Marangoni对流被减弱,且气泡顶部的冷凝被大幅削减。这使得气泡稳定地在加热面上形成并逐渐长大,无法形成微细化沸腾现象。因此,气膜周围的Marangoni对流和气液界面上的冷凝过程可能是导致微细化沸腾发生的主要原因。     

河道淤泥气泡混合土微观构造及力学性质相关性

基于河道淤泥气泡混合土(FMLSS)的微观构造特征,通过微观构造观察和分析,评价了FMLSS的强度特性和破坏机理。试验结果表明,保持FMLSS含水量一定,随着气泡掺入量的增加,FMLSS的内部平均等效孔径和气孔面积百分比含量呈线性增大趋势、而随着水泥掺入量的增加呈减小趋势;随着气泡掺入量的增加,FMLSS的气孔大小分布的均匀性降低,气孔平均等效孔径增大。试验结果还表明,FMLSS的强度发挥及破坏机理与FMLSS的气孔分布的均匀性以及等效孔径等微观构造参数存在明显的相关性。     

串联组合型微气泡发生系统的在线测试评价研究

微气泡的质量决定了其在水质工程、矿物浮选工艺等领域中的应用效果,因此在投入使用前应对其粒径分布进行测试评价。借助美国Microtrac公司S3500型激光粒度仪,对国内某公司研制的"微孔管剪切+旋流筛分"组合微气泡发生系统成功实施了激光散射在线测试评价研究。测试结果表明:该系统所产生微气泡粒径集中在50~100μm之间;对基于微孔介质的微气泡产生技术而言,微孔管选择较小孔径的材料有利于得到高质量的微气泡;筛分过程能够有效去除大气泡,进而影响实际输出气泡的整体平均粒径。     

Influence of bubble diameter and solids concentration on bubble stability: Development of a novel analytical approach

The properties and thickness of the bubbles in the froth control the flotation process. There is no work showing how to measure bubble film composition and thickness by a straightforward manner. In this work, a novel approach, a custom-designed bubble cell associated with layer interferometry（in the UV-vis region） and FT-IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of solid particle type（hydrophilic vs hydrophobic）, concentration and bubble diameter on stability of a bubble blown in air. Stability was quantified by measuring bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness. Kerosene with silicone oil as a foaming agent was used to evaluate the impact of bubble diameter（test series I）. Frother solutions（MIBC, Dowfroth 250, Hexanol and F-150） were used for the solid type concentration experiments（test series II）. In the first series of experiments, it was determined that as the diameter of a bubble increased from 10 to 25 mm, so did the hydrated film thickness from 350 to 1000 nm. In the second series, as the silica concentration increased（0 to 10%）, an increase in bubble lifetime and hydrated film thickness was resulted（130%-250%）. An impact of solid hydrophobicity was found but to a lesser degree than expected. It is possible that the small particle size（〈0.1 m） of silica was responsible for this behavior. The findings are used to interpret the effect of solids in flotation froth.     

A novel approach to prevent bubble coalescence during measurement of bubble size in flotation简

Effect of frothers in preventing bubble coalescence during flotation of minerals has long been investigated. To evaluate the performance of a frother, an apparatus to measure the bubble size is a basic necessity. McGill Bubble Size Analyzer （MBSA） or bubble viewer that has been developed and completed by McGill University＇s Mineral Processing Group during the last decade is a unique instrument to serve this purpose. Two parameters which are thought to influence the bubble size measurements by McGill bubble viewer include water quality and frother concentration in the chamber. Results show that there is no difference in Sauter mean （D32） when tap or de-ionized water was used instead of process water. However, the frother concentration, in this research DowFroth 250 （DF250）, inside the chamber exhibited a pronounced effect on bubble size. Frother concentration below a certain point can not prevent coalescence inside the chamber and therefore caution must be taken in plant applications. It was also noted that the frother concentration which has been so far practiced in plant measurements （CCC75-CCC95） is high enough to prevent coalescence with the bubble viewer.     

Correspondence of bubble size and frother partitioning in flotation

The size of bubbles created in the flotation process is of great importance to the efficiency of the mineral separation achieved. Meanwhile, it is believed that frother transport between phases is perhaps the most important reason for the interactive nature of the phenomena occurring in the bulk and froth phases in flotation, as frother adsorbed in the surface of rising bubbles is removed from the bulk phase and then released into the froth as a fraction of the bubbles burst. This causes the increased concentration in the froth compared to the bulk concentration, named as frother partitioning. Partitioning reflects the adsorption of frother on bubbles and how to influence bubble size is not known. There currently exists no such a topic aiming to link these two key parameters. To fill this vacancy, the correspondence between bubble size and frother partitioning was examined. Bubble size was measured by sampling-for-imaging （SFI） technique. Using total organic carbon （TOC） analysis to measure the frother partitioning between froth and bulk phases was determined. Measurements have shown, with no exceptions including four different frothers, higher frother concentration is in the bulk than in the froth. The results also show strong partitioning giving an increase in bubble size which implies there is a compelling relationship between these two, represented byCFroth/CBulk andD32. TheCFroth/CBulk andD32 curves show similar exponential decay relationships as a function of added frother in the system, strongly suggesting that the frother concentration gradient between the bulk solution and the bubble interface is the driving force contributing to bubble size reduction.     

多超声振子作用下气泡动力学数值模拟

超声对强化吸收制冷循环中发生器内溴化锂水溶液沸腾传热有重要意义,目前开展的相关研究较少,尤其多超声振子气泡动力学方面的理论尚未报道。为探究振子数量对溶液空化特性的影响,构建多振子气泡动力学模型,以纯水为例验证了模型准确性,探讨了不同影响因素对溶液空化特性的影响。模拟结果表明：总声强为1 W/cm²,振子数量由1增加至5时,空化气泡最大半径增加了44.12%,振子数量达到24～25个时,气泡最大半径增加率仅为1%;发生压力对空化效应的影响随着振子数量的增多而增大,单振子在吸收制冷系统的真空发生器更易产生稳态空化,而多振子更易在真空发生器内产生瞬态空化;多振子频率均匀度越小,空化强度越大,声强均匀度对空化强度的影响可忽略。