硅氮烷疏水改性介孔分子筛填充PDMS制备杂化复合膜及渗透汽化性能

采用硅烷偶联剂对介孔分子筛疏水改性,并将其掺杂在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)中涂覆在聚砜基膜上制备有机无机杂化复合膜.对疏水改性介孔分子筛进行了BET测试及FT-IR等表征.BET测试结果显示,改性前后孔径分布发生明显变化;从FT-IR图中看出,改性后介孔分子筛的羟基峰明显减小甚至消失并且出现烷基等特征峰.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了有机无机杂化复合膜的形貌结构,并研究了分子筛添加量、料液浓度和操作温度等对杂化复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响.结果表明:采用1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氮烷对介孔分子筛疏水改性最有效;疏水改性后介孔分子筛/PDMS杂化复合膜对醇/水溶液有较好的分离效果,当分子筛填充质量分数为20%、操作温度为40℃、进料液质量分数为3%时,杂化膜对乙醇/水体系的分离因子最高为9.8,渗透通量为1 002 g/(m2·h),对正丁醇/水体系的分离因子最高为65.4,渗透通量为1402 g/(m2·h).     

反渗透海水淡化压力能回收装置进展

反渗透海水淡化在各类淡化技术中迅速崛起得益于压力能回收装置的发展.从该类装置的结构、原理、能量回收效率、设备维护和使用寿命等方面分析比较了国内外各类装置的性能,对该类装置的研究进展进行了综述分析.结果表明:正位移式装置各方面性能优于离心式,但现有的正位移式装置存在各自的缺陷,相关核心技术为国外掌握,今后的研发重点是设计具有自主产权且性能优越的压力能回收装置.     

钻井液密度窗口下限的三维数值计算格式

为了得到准确的安全泥浆窗口,结合有限单元法提出了用于计算钻井液密度窗口下限三维数值解的数值计算格式.计算包含了井孔轨迹全长的油田区块整体模型的应力场,利用有限元子模型技术逐点计算井孔轨迹上关键点的泥浆窗口下限值.在数值求解过程中,施加足够泥浆压力保持井孔围岩处于弹性状态,并施加反向载荷形成实际卸载,逐步试算求出泥浆窗口的下限值.利用一个包含直井段和90°转角圆弧段井孔轨迹的简单井孔模型,计算了沿井轴全长各处不同井孔倾角对应的泥浆窗口下限值数值解,并把该数值解和利用经典解析解取得的结果作了比较,证明了算法的有效性.     

东濮老区文东油田流体包裹体特征及成藏意义

以文东地区沙三中储层流体包裹体样品分析为基础,对油气充注史、古温压状态及成藏效应进行了系统研究,提出晚期超压成藏对于研究区油气藏形成作用显著,东濮老区深部勘探重点应放在超压地层.研究结果表明:区内流体包裹体较为发育.综合岩相、荧光观测显示有两期不同成熟度油气充注.由包裹体测温法结合埋藏史和热演化分析、自生伊利石K-Ar法测年确定油气为两期成藏,即古近纪末抬升剥蚀期和新近纪末期—第四纪.文东盐间属超压油气藏,现今原始地层压力系数可达1.7~1.9.流体包裹体热动力学PVTX模拟关键成藏期的古压力系数大都为1.3~1.4,揭示晚期油气大规模充住时为超压环境.现场实测资料表明地层压力增高,储层含油气性明显增加,故东濮老区深层超压体系值得进一步研究.     

超临界CO_2提高煤层渗透性的增透规律研究

基于Peng-Robinson状态方程,考虑了CO2在不同温压下密度和黏度的变化对超临界CO2在低渗透煤层中渗透性的影响,利用自制三轴渗透仪进行不同温压条件下超临界CO2的增透实验,增透实验前后分别进行甲烷的渗透率测试.结果表明:超临界CO2作用后,煤体对甲烷的渗透率较增透实验前提高了一个数量级;超临界CO2的密度和黏度随孔隙压力的增加均呈指数递增的变化规律;在恒定温度下,超临界CO2的渗透率随着孔隙压力的增加呈指数递增的变化趋势;煤体微观孔隙、裂隙的CT扫描图显示超临界CO2作用后,煤体微观孔隙、裂隙较增透前尺寸明显增大、密度增加、连通性提高,说明由于超临界CO2的作用,进一步促进了煤层微观孔隙、裂隙的有效发育,增大了渗流空间,提高了煤层的渗流能力.     

基于外部压力的我国上市公司环境信息披露

以我国沪市A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,从外部压力角度,分析合法性压力和投资者关注度对企业环境信息披露行为的影响。研究发现：合法性压力越大,上市公司越有可能进行环境信息披露;投资者关注度对上市公司环境信息披露呈现微弱正相关关系,但在统计上不显著。     

Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter（d）, the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth（h） were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.     

Stress analytical solution for plane problem of a double-layered thick-walled cylinder subjected to a type of non-uniform distributed pressure

The stress state around circular openings,such as boreholes,shafts,and tunnels,is usually needed to be evaluated.Solutions for stresses,strains and ultimate bearing capacities of pressurized hollow cylinder are common cases.Stress analytical method for plane problem of a double-layered thick-walled cylinder subjected to a type of non-uniform pressure on the outer surface and uniform radial pressure on the inner surface is given.The power series method of complex function is used.The stress analytical solution is obtained with the assumption that two layers of a cylinder are fully contacted.The distributions of normal and tangential contact stress along the interface,tangential stress on the inner boundary and stresses in the radial direction at θ=0,45 and 90,are obtained.An example indicates that,when the elastic modulus of the inner layer of a double-layered thick-walled cylinder is smaller than that of the outer layer,the tangential stress is smaller than that in the corresponding point for a traditional cylinder composed of homogeneous materials.In that way,stress concentration at the inner surface can be alleviated and the stress distribution is more uniform.This is a capable way to enhance the elastic ultimate bearing capacity of thick-walled cylinder.     

Influence of lateral initial pressure on axisymmetric wave propagation in hollow cylinder based on first powerhypo-elastic model简

Influence of identical applied initial pressures on the radial surfaces of a hollow cylinder which is compose of materials with first power hypo-elastic constitutive model was investigated.The basic equations of the problem were built up based on the framework of piecewise homogeneous body model with the use of three-dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in initially stressed bodies（TLTEWISB）.With the method proposed previously,this problem was then solved numerically.Moreover,the dispersion group velocity of the lowest order mode with different initial pressures was also studied.It can be concluded that the initial pressure and the geometry parameters will induce considerable changes of different degrees in dispersive relation between phase velocity and wave number in opposite trend（positive in initial pressure and negative in thickness）.     

煤化学链燃烧颗粒流动反应的数值模拟

针对化学链燃烧气固反应速率的影响因素复杂未知的问题,本文建立了碳粒与CaSO4载氧体颗粒在水蒸气气氛下的数理模型,并利用Fluent进行数值计算,从微观上分析了温度和压力的改变,对颗粒间化学链燃烧反应速率、CO2生成速率以及载氧体表面固相生成物沉积速率的影响。分析结果表明,提高反应器内的温度和压力,均加快了CaSO4载氧体颗粒表面CaS的沉积速率,且压力的提高在很大程度上促进了沉积速率的增加,而沉积覆盖在载氧体表面上的CaS导致了反应速率的下降。该研究有利于高纯度CO2气体的捕集,从而达到减排的目的,对化学链反应速率的控制具有重要意义。