微污染东平河原水的生物预处理特性与效果

以齿轮型生物载体为悬浮填料,在连续或间歇曝气条件下,改变气水比,对氨氮含量为1.5~2.5 mg/L、浊度为15~20 NTU的东平河微污染原水进行生物接触氧化预处理,研究其挂膜与处理特性以及停曝比、气水比等对去除氨氮的影响。结果表明:仅需7 d填料表面即附着一层黄褐色的生物膜,其以菌胶团为主,生物量达70 nmol/g。连续曝气,且气水比为(0.5∶1)和(1∶1)时,对氨氮的平均去除率分别为75%和66%;而在间歇曝气条件下,停曝比为(3∶5)~(3∶1)时,对氨氮的去除率增加显著,达80%~90%。氨氮浓度2 mg/L时,出水亚硝酸盐氮含量达0.15~0.25 mg/L,但仍满足饮用水水质标准。     

预加氯量对砂滤池运行效能及其微生物的影响

研究了饮用水预氯化工艺对去除NH+4-N和NO-2-N、滤池功能微生物量及生物活性、滤后水三氯甲烷生成量的影响。当预加氯投量为0.2 mg/L时,对NH+4-N的去除率最高为87.8%,NO-2-N含量均在0.002 mg/L以下,出水水质稳定,不会间歇性出现滤后水含量高于待滤水的现象。在该条件下滤池生物量最大,硝化菌、亚硝化菌的OUR分别达到8 611和2 545μg/g,此时滤池生物量呈现随深度增加而不断减少的层状分布,生物活性则是中层最强,上层次之,下层最弱。此外,预加氯量升高后,滤后水的三氯甲烷生成量随之增加,当投加量为0.2 mg/L时三氯甲烷含量仅为0.016 mg/L。     

森林生物量研究方法综述

通过总结国内外森林生物量研究方法的进展,分析其发展方向,指出森林生物量模型尺度推广、基础数据的收集、3S新技术应用及模型森林生物量动态模拟将是今后研究的热点和趋势。     

Implementation of a Forest Biomass-Based Biofuel Industry： A Canadian Experience

The forest biomass is an abundant renewable resource from which biofuels can be derived. In the Kraft process, the cellulose is extracted from the wood to form the paper pulp while the other organic components, primarily hemicelluloses and lignin, are burnt to produce steam. It is possible to divert part of the hemicelluloses or lignin to produce fuels on site, a mode of operation referred to as the integrated forest biorefinery. Hemicelluloses can be hydrolysed into sugars which in turn are converted into ethanol or butanol, while lignin can be extracted from a residual process stream, the black liquor, by acid precipitation, de-ionized, dried and directly used as a fuel or further processed into value added chemicals. Biorefinery processes have been proposed and analysed by simulation on Aspen Plus. Intensive integration of thermal energy, water and material systems is of paramount importance to the sustainability of the global site; the increased energy load on the utility systems could cause rising dependency of the global site on fossil fuels. To avoid this consequence, a new original energy efficiency analysis and enhancement methodology has been developed and validated on actual Canadian Kraft mills before being applied to the integrated biorefinery and, has produced remarkable results far superior to the current engineering practice. This has led to the concept of the GIFBR （green integrated forest biorefinery）, i.e., an industrial site with zero fossil fuel consumption and reduced GHG （greenhouse gases） emissions vs. the Kraft process and biorefinery plant alone. The GIFBR incorporates a woody biomass gasifier producing syngas as a fuel for the integrated biorefinery and for steam production or sale. It can also include a CHP （combined heat and power） unit driven by steam made available by liberated production capacity from the installed power plant.     

利用淀粉废水培养食用菌菌丝体的初步研究

比较了金针菇和香菇在经液化，液化后糖化及未经淀粉酶处理的淀粉废水中的生长情况，发现经液化处理后的淀粉废水适合作金针菇和香菇体深层次发酵的培养液，金针菇在培养液起始ＰＨ６．４０时生物量最高，香菇在培养液起始ｐＨ５．１０时生物量提高，菌种质量对食用菌的生物量有很大的影响。     

Schizochytrium sp.发酵生产DHA培养基的优化

以筛选得到的Schizochytrium sp.菌株作为研究对象,考察了培养基碳源、氮源对该菌株生物量的影响,通过响应面法建立了菌体生物量与葡萄糖、酵母粉以及玉米浆浓度之间的关系,得到较佳培养基组成为:126g/L葡萄糖、10g/L酵母膏、2g/L玉米浆、5g/L蛋白胨、0.5倍浓度自然海水1L。摇瓶发酵结果表明:在5d培养时间,Schizochytriumsp.生物量、积累油脂以及DHA分别可达42.9、34.1、13.8g/L。     

光因子对葡萄试管苗炼苗的影响

以美人指葡萄(Vitis vinefera L.cv.Mei Renzhi)试管苗为材料,用遮阳网营造弱光环境,研究了葡萄试管苗炼苗过程中,光因子对其形态及根系活力的影响.弱光条件下,美人指葡萄试管苗的相对生长速率、株高、总生物量、根长度、根生物量、根冠比、根生物量比及根系活力与对照相比均有显著降低.表明葡萄试管苗在弱光条件下,通过抑制根系发育,加强地上部分生长的适应方式来降低植株的总生物量.这也可能是葡萄试管苗在炼苗时出现生长停滞的原因之一.     

A Biorefinery Concept for Energy Intensive Industries Focusing on Microalgae and Anaerobic Digestion

The biorefinery concept will be important to the energy industry as it allows a multi-process, multi-product biomass based industry. Continued increases in the prices of fossil fuels, the uncertainty of their availability and the environmental impacts of their extraction are favouring the implementation of sustainable energy production. This article provides a literature review of algal biomass utilisation, process utilisation, technological and economic factors when applying the biorefinery concept to energy intensive industries （whether retro-fitting or new buildings）. This report focuses on opportunities in Finland for innovation, process integration and the development of supply chains whilst using flue gases as a feedstock for the microalgae. Currently, most research is on thermal combustion technologies. Microalgae provide an excellent opportunity to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by mitigation in such industries as pulp and paper. However, a beneficial driver would be feed-in tariffs or green trade certificates but are not necessary for the potential success within the industry. Reducing the overall economic costs with process integration and efficient technologies is beneficial for commercialisation of microalgae biorefineries. Microalgae biorefinery with a high efficiency could help improve the cost effectiveness of microalgae derived biofuels. The remaining algae after harvesting could be used for biogas production, which could be upgraded for vehicle fuel or the production of heat and power. An economically viable microalgae biorefinery with appropriate technologies and integrated for optimum efficiency is therefore possible.     

茂源林业一科技项目通过湖南省级科技成果鉴定

正2014年10月25日,由湖南省林业厅组织相关专家在岳阳市召开了由湖南茂源林业有限责任公司完成的"湿地松纸浆林优化栽培模式研究"项目科技成果鉴定会。该项目鉴定委员会高度评价这一成果达到国内同类研究领先水平,一致同意通过成果鉴定,并建议扩大示范范围。"湿地松纸浆林优化栽培模式研究"项目,由湖南茂源林业有限责任公司实施。该项目系统研究了林分密度对湿地松林木生长量、生物量、根系状况、     

耐氧胁迫乳酸菌的筛选及其鉴定

此实验旨在筛选1株能够进行有氧呼吸代谢的菌株,为益生菌制剂生产过程中避免氧损害、提高存活率奠定基础。首先在培养基中添加血红素,并且摇床振荡培养提供有氧环境,从10株乳酸菌中筛选能够进行有氧呼吸代谢的菌株;随后采用API 50 CH鉴定系统和16S r DNA系统发育分析对筛选的菌株进行鉴定;最后分别测定筛选到的菌株在进行发酵和有氧呼吸代谢时的生长曲线。结果筛选出1株能够进行有氧呼吸代谢的菌株Kmh L3,鉴定结果表明Kmh L3为粪肠球菌,同发酵条件相比,有氧呼吸条件下Kmh L3的生物量显著增加,p H也显著增大。