下喷自吸环流反应器中气-液局部相际传质模型

引言 下喷自吸环流反应器是在结合喷射、环流、自吸等优点基础上而开发出的一种新型高效反应器,开展该反应器内局部气液传质模型的研究,对于该反应器的优化设计及放大具有极重要的理论意义.多年来,经典传质理论的不足与局限都在经历不断的修正与改进.其中,激光多普勒测试在传质研究中的应用使得人们对湍流在传质中的重要性有了     

Étude expérimentale du mélange réactif au sein d'un réacteur torique ondulé (RTO)

Reactive mixing in a wavy torus reactor (WTR) has been examined experimentally. Its performances are compared to these of two other reactors: a plane torus reactor (PTR) and a baffled stirred tank reactor (BSTR). hydrodynamics of mixing has been studied using a plug flow model with axial dispersion for the WTR and PTR. The effect of axial dispersion on the kinetic of a chemical reaction was then analysed for the WTR, PTR and BSTR. Mixing times were slightly longer for the WTR due to a weaker axial dispersion. We also noticed an improvement of the convertion rate for low dissipated power.     

FORMATION AND FLOW OF GAS BUBBLES IN A PRESSURIZED BUBBLE COLUMN WITH A SINGLE ORIFICE OR NOZZLE GAS DISTRIBUTOR

The characteristics of gas bubbles in a 5 cm diameter bubble column equipped with a single orifice of 1,3 or 5 mm diameter were investigated under system pressure of 0.1-15 MPa. The formation of gas bubbles was strongly affected by the system pressure. Under high pressures a dispersed gas jet was formed at gas velocities where spherical gas bubbles would have been formed at atmospheric pressure. The critical gas velocity between the bubbling regime and the jetting regime was correlated with the liquid phase Weber number and the gas phase Reynolds number based on the gas velocity at the orifice. Bubble size and gas holdup in the main part of the bubble column were also affected by the bubble formation pattern at the distributor     

利用厌氧折流反应系统进行有机废水发酵制氢

以厌氧折流形式的发酵生物制氢反应器进行了连续流有机废水发酵产氢试验研究。反应器由有机玻璃制成,三格室,单格有效容积9.16L。以好氧生物处理系统剩余污泥为种泥,在容积负荷为8.89kg COD·(m~3·d)~(-1),水力停留时间为13.5 h,温度(35±1)℃等条件下,系统启动运行25 d后达到稳定运行状态。系统稳定运行时,总产气量和产氢量分别稳定在59.0 L·d~(-1)和32.0 L·d~(-1)左右。其中,第一格室、第二格室和第三格室的平均产气量及其氢含量分别为14 L·d~(-1)、25 L·d~(-1)、20 L·d~(-1)和50％、60％、50％。系统污泥的比产氢速率为76.64 L·(kg VSS·d)~(-1)。与同类生物制氢反应器相比,厌氧折流发酵生物制氢反应器具有结构简单、运行稳定、操作灵活、容积利用率高、生物持有量高以及运行费用较低等优点,在发酵生物制氢技术领域有很好的开发前景。     

工业聚合反应装置—Ⅶ.悬浮聚合反应器（下）

讨论了悬浮聚合反应器的放大问题及计算机控制技术，介绍了具有预分散器的悬浮聚合反应器和连续悬浮聚合反应器。     

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR STUDYING THE KINETICS OF GAS-SOLID REACTIONS IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

A methodology for studying the kinetics of gas-solid reactions in a fluidized bed reactor is presented. This procedure is based on the analysis of the response of the system (flue gases) when batches of solids of different weight are added to the reactor. The method has been applied to the study of limestone particle calcination. The calcination rate constants obtained are in good agreement with those found in the literature. The method offers the advantage of simplicity and avoids the use of model assumptions or empirical correlations.     

ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVE SHEAR RATE FOR AERATED NON-NEWTONIAN LIQUIDS IN AIRLIFT BIOREACTOR”“

Effective shear rate is one of the indispensable parameters for the design of aerobic fermentors using a viscous non-Newtonian system. The estimation of effective shear rate in airlift loop bioreactors has been investigated with liquid circulation velocity. An empirical correlation of effective shear rate in airlift loop reactors is proposed.

γ_eπ= 3.26-3.51 ; 10²U_G + 1.48 10⁴U²_G

It is found that the effective shear rate is lower in airlift reactors than in bubble columns. This equation can be used for the cultivation of cells sensitive to shear stress.     

超声波气升式反应器内声压的测定

测定了在空气—水和空气—羧甲基纤维素水溶液体系中 (羧甲基纤维素含量 :2g/L)超声波气升式反应器声压随轴向位置、表观气速、黏度和超声电功率的变化。测定结果表明 ,小气速下声压在气升式反应器内的轴向分布与离开超声探头的距离有关 ,距离越远 ,声压越小 ;与气速的大小有关 ,气速越大 ,声压越小 ;与液体的黏度有关 ,黏度越大 ,声压越小 ;超声电功率越大 ,声压越大。     

管式振荡流反应器的流动模式研究 (II)高振荡强度下的流动模型和模拟

根据高振荡强度下的粒子成像流场可视化实验结果,在分析振荡流场中漩涡结构特征的基础上,提出用带有二次流区的全混腔室和室间返混的多釜串联模型来表征高振荡强度下的管式振荡流反应器流动特性。根据停留时间分布实验结果,运用小生境遗传算法优化求解模型参数与振荡参数之间的定量关系。模拟计算表明,优化后的模型给出的停留时间分布曲线与实验结果吻合良好。     

热管式反应器的应用研究进展

概述了热管式反应器的特点,对热管式反应器在各类工艺过程中的应用研究现状进行了综述。