萍水河水质空间分布特征及水质评价对比研究

流域水质直接关系到人体健康和生态安全。以萍水河向阳湖至何雁桥段为研究对象,分析其水质空间特征,综合4种方法进行水质评价,进一步利用多元统计和级别差方法对比分析水质评价结果。结果表明：1)COD、NH₃-N、TP和TN的最高浓度位于赤山桥处;上游(向阳湖-桥头村)和下游(赤山桥-何雁桥)总体水质较好,部分采样点TN、Fe和Mn轻度超标,污染程度明显弱于中游(桥头村-赤山桥)。2)最差水质级别均为Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类水,污染程度属严重污染及以上;单因子评价法确定总氮(TN)为首要污染指标;主成分分析法确定2个主成分,可解释为营养盐污染指标和地质沉积环境指标。3)4种方法两两之间呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.937～0.994,但水质级别表现出明显的差异性;级差法结果表明,3种综合水质评价方法的水质级别顺序为：内梅罗污染指数法<综合污染指数法<主成分分析法。研究成果可为流域水质评价工作和研究提供参考,同时为流域水资源开发利用和水环境保护及综合治理提供科学依据。     

Water governance and scalar politics across multiple-boundary river basins: states,catchments and regional powers in the Iberian Peninsula

Karezes (qanats), historically vital sources of water for multiple uses in the driest parts of the world, have been deteriorating over the past five decades. This paper provides a review of the global literature on the status and potential of karezes, and offers country case studies for Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It offers syntheses of key issues, lessons, options and proposed interventions for re-vitalizing the karez systems. The paper identifies criteria for prioritizing karez systems for rehabilitation and outlines key conditions for their effective functioning and sustainability. The paper suggests that the benefits of restoring karez systems to local communities are large and some systems, such as the Ain Zubaida in the Makkah Al-Mukaramah Region, are of global importance.     

Effects of land use and changes in cover on the transformation and transportation of iron:A case study of the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

Wetland reclamation has been ongoing in the Sanjiang Plain since the mid-1950s,which has resulted in major changes in wetlands and the agriculture ecosystem in the region that have influenced the iron output to the Sea of Okhotsk and limited the primary productivity in the North Pacific Ocean.This study was conducted to investigate the chemical forms of iron in different aquatic environments(agricultural water including groundwater,paddy water,and canal water;wetland water including marsh water,marsh stream...     

OpenMI-based integrated sediment transport modelling of the river Zenne,Belgium

Recent observations show that the river Zenne (Belgium) remains well below the water quality goals stated by the European Union Water Framework Directive. An interuniversity, multidisciplinary research project was therefore launched to evaluate the effects of wastewater management plans on the ecological functioning of the river. To this end, different water quantity and quality processes had to be considered and modelled, e.g., the hydrology in the river basin, hydraulics in the river and sewers, erosion and sediment transport, faecal bacteria transport and decay. This paper considers the development of an Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI) based integrated model for the purpose of simulating the river's sediment dynamics. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model water and sediment fluxes from rural areas. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to simulate the hydraulics of the river, canal, and sewer systems in urban catchments. New model codes for sediment transport and stream water temperature were developed to complement SWMM. The results show that the integrated sediment transport model reproduced the sediment concentrations in the river Zenne with ‘good’ to ‘satisfactory’ accuracy. We may therefore conclude that the OpenMI has been successfully implemented to integrate water quality models into a hydraulic one. While the OpenMI run-time data communication inflicted calculation time overhead, we found that the overhead was not significant with respect to the total run-time of the integrated model.     

大型复杂河网一维动态水流-水质数值模型

建立了非恒定河网一维水流-水质数值模型（THU-River1D）,水动力模块利用最近提出的汊点水位预测-校正（junction-point water stage prediction and correction,JPWSPC）法处理缓流河网汊点处的回流效应,采用Preissmann格式离散Saint-Venant方程组,并采用Newton-Raphson方法求解非线性离散方程;水质模块采用分步法,分别求解对流项、源（汇）项、以及纵向离散项,其中,对流项处理采用改进的四阶显式Holly-Preissmann格式。模型无需特殊的河道编码,既适用于树状又适用于环状河网,还适用于潮汐流动。     

天然分汊河流的平面二维数值模拟

利用边界拟合坐标变换系统下的计算区域分解－组合处理技术、支流耦合迭代计算方法、支流迭合对接型坐标变换网格与非对接型流网正交坐标系统等新思想建立了适应很复杂河道情况与水力条件的平面二维天然分汉河流的流场与浓度场的数学模型．并通过计算实例验证了模型在工程中应用的可靠性与有效性．     

黄河口清水沟行水年限的计算

八十年代中，人们提出黄河口应该改道了，报到中央，引起很大震动，报经作者研究，发现当时河口大堤防御水位尚有2m富余，河道比降也偏大较多，不必改道，以河道防洪条件作为改道标准，过去并不明确，作者进而用5种方法计算，得到河口还可以使用50年，不必加高河口大堤，而且都加了较大的安全系数，计算考虑了不能淤坏小清河口的问题，还进行了河口液次淤积延伸，附近潮汐因素依次变化的数学计算，没有发现有较大的不良影响。     

游荡河型成因及其河型转化问题的研究

本文借鉴前人有研究成果，归纳分析后得出河床纵向与横向稳定性指标的表达式，并进一步给出河床的综合性指标ＮＷ，将它作为区划河型的判数：ＺＷ〈５，游荡型；５≤ＺＷ≤１５，分汊型；ＺＷ〉１５，弯曲型，为研究游荡河型转化而进行的自然河工模型试验表明，若要将黄河下游的游荡河型转化为限制性弯曲河型，两岸有效的控导工程总长度至少应占工度的８８％，每处工程长度需要达到４ｋｍ左右，但就现在的整治工程情况而言，即使来多     

关于青狮潭水库向漓江旅游有偿供水问题之我见

漓江枯水季节不能全程通航，影响了旅游的发展。１９８７年以来，由青狮潭水库放水入漓江补充漓江水量，辅以适当的航道疏浚，解决了近期桂林至阳朔间的旅游、货运通航问题。由此而带来的经济效益估算累计１．５亿元．但是供水至今还是无偿的，有偿供水应该尽快得以实施。     

长江流域水能资源开发的新举措：从三峡建设到金沙江开发

中国水资源十分丰富，但目前仅开发13％～14％。国家已明确了梯级滚动开发的方针。进一步开发长江流域，以此作为中国东、中、西部相互促进、协调发展的一个重要措施。同时明确中国三峡总公司为金沙江浪洛渡和向家坝两水电站的业主单位。长江上游金沙江段是可开发水能资源最集中的地区，总装机容量接近5000万kw，是“西电东送”北、中、南三条线中，中线的主要基地。争取在“十五”计划期间，溪洛渡和向家坝两电站其中有一个开工建设。