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71.
Athanasios Eftaxias Josep Font Agusti Fortuny Azael Fabregat Frank Stüber 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(6):677-687
The wet air oxidation of phenol over a commercial active carbon catalyst was studied in a trickle bed reactor (TBR) in the temperature and oxygen partial pressure ranges of 120–160 °C and 0.1–0.2 MPa, respectively. The performance of the active carbon was compared in terms of phenol and COD destruction. The weight change of active carbon due to reaction was also measured. Finally, oxic phenol adsorption isotherms were assessed in batch conditions at 25, 125 and 160 °C. In order to use the conversion data obtained from the TBR for a kinetic study, special care was taken to check the kinetic control in the TBR experiments. Several kinetic models including power law or Langmuir–Hinshelwood expressions were considered to describe the catalytic oxidation of phenol over active carbon. The simple power law model with first order dependence on both phenol and oxygen concentration predicted satisfactorily the experimental data not only over the entire range of operating conditions studied, but also outside its validity range. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
72.
95W-Ni-Fe 合金工艺缺陷的 SAM 和 XPS 分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
齐芸馨 《兵器材料科学与工程》1997,20(5):36-40
藉助扫描俄歇探针、X射线光电子谱等分析了95W-Ni-Fe合金碳污染和氧化的本质。发现,碳污染试样中碳的化学状态主要为石墨,少量为铁或镍的有机化合物,这些物质的界面富集使材料脆化。钨合金氧化后,氧大量富集于钨/粘结相界面,使沿着该界面的断裂更容易发生。 相似文献
73.
Oxygen nonstoichiometry in the distorted perovskite BaBiO3 has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis using controlled oxygen pressures. Three distinct regions of nonstoichiometry are observed with composition ranges which narrow as the temperature is lowered. Samples isolated from each region were shown by powder X-ray diffraction to retain the perovskite subcell but show different types of framework distortion. Low temperature reoxidation of the oxygen deficient phases is also described. 相似文献
74.
乙烯直接氧化合成乙酸 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用常规固定床反应器考察了Pd-SiW12/SiO2催化剂还原条件对乙烯直接氧化合成乙酸催化性能的影响。催化剂用H2在200-300℃还原后Pd 的分散度较高,其催化活性远高于肼在液相中还原的催化剂,在乙烯气相氧化合成乙酸反应的原料气中,适量1,2-二氯乙烷的存在有助于提高乙酸的选择性和时空产率,初步考察了Pd-Se-SiW12/SiO2催化剂连续206h运转的稳定性,结果表明,催化剂中Pd晶粒的长大和硅钨酸的流失是造成催化剂失活的主要原因。 相似文献
75.
A. Baylaucq C. Boned X. Canet C. K. Zéberg-Mikkelsen 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2003,24(3):621-638
The dynamic viscosity of toluene and methane mixtures containing 25.03, 37.19, 49.95, 64.11, and 95.00 mol% methane has been measured using a falling-body viscometer. The measurements (280 data points) have been performed in the temperature range 293.15 to 373.15 K and at pressures up to 140 MPa. The data have been discussed in the framework of recent representative models (hard-sphere scheme, friction theory, and free-volume model) as well as with simple mixing laws and empirical models (particularly the LBC model and the self-referencing model) used in the literature. This comparative study shows that the average absolute deviation of the models is between 4.9 and 26.8%, and the maximum deviation is between 11.6 and 49.5%. 相似文献
76.
H. Launay S. Loridant D.L. Nguyen A.M. Volodin J.L. Dubois J.M.M. Millet 《Catalysis Today》2007,128(3-4):176-182
New vanadium oxide supported on mesoporous silica catalysts for the oxidation of methane to formaldehyde were investigated by infrared and Raman spectroscopies to identify and characterize the molecular structure of the most active and selective catalytic sites. In situ and operando experiments have been conducted in order to understand the redox and hydroxylation/dehydroxylation processes of the vanadium species. (SiO)2VO(OH) species were identified in these catalysts in reaction conditions and shown to undergo a deprotonation at 580 °C under vacuum, leading to a site giving a photoluminescence band at 550 nm attributed to reverse radiative decay from the excited triplet state:
(V4+–O−)* (V5+O2−). An activation mechanism of vanadium monomeric species with electrophilic oxygen species is proposed. 相似文献
77.
78.
A method of determining pore size distribution, PSD, of carbon adsorbents based on the high pressure methane isotherm is presented. A generic software package, and an IBM compatible PC, have been used to search for a PSD in the form of a histogram. The method relies on a known local isotherm, in this case, assuming a simplified model of infinite slit shaped carbon pores.Three carbons, having very different pore structures: BPL, PX-21, and PVDC, were analyzed using the new method and the results compared with those obtained from subcritical Ar, and N2 isotherms. The analysis from the high pressure methane isotherm gave results which are different than those from the low pressure low temperature isotherms but not significantly enough to be unrealistic. 相似文献
79.
Peng Dangcong Jin Qiting 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1993,58(1):89-93
The anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor from a cereal straw pulping mill was studied in batch (serum bottles) and continuous systems (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—UASB). The batch digestion studies confirmed that lignin and related compounds (LRC) in the alkaline black liquor were the main inhibitory substances and could not be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. At organic loading rates of 5–10 kg COD m?3 day?1, the UASB reactor achieved 50–60% COD removal efficiencies. Gas production was 2–3 dm3 per dm3 of alkaline black liquor. Two different sludge types were examined in the reactor: granular and cluster-like sludges. Sludge in a cluster, which involved many small granules and flocs, tended to form larger aggregates and possessed good settling ability. 相似文献
80.
Ag-3a/oMg was oxidized in air over the range of 400–900°C. Internal-oxide bands of MgO formed approximately parallel to the surface, the first band appearing at some finite, but irregular depth below the surface. The region between the surface and the first band appeared to be free of precipitates, but TEM showed that very small clusters, about 50 Å in diameter, formed in the PFZ, causing significant hardness (greater than 300 VHN). The clusters contain more oxygen than that corresponding to stoichiometric MgO. The hardness between oxide bands was also high, but not as high as in the PFZ. The kinetics of thickening of the internal-band region followed the parabolic rate law between 400 and 700° C, with departures from the parabolic law occurring at higher temperatures. The activation energy for the parabolic rate constants was 19.4 Kcal/mol, a value less than the total for oxygen diffusion and oxygen dissolution. The reaction front was planar and parallel to the surface prior to band formation at temperatures of 400–600° C. Nucleation of the first band resulted in nonplanar and nonparallel oxide. Little or no correlation existed between grain boundaries and oxide formation. Nodules of virtually pure silver formed on the surface initially at grain boundaries and subsequently within grains. Nodule formation is attributed to stress-enhanced (resulting from strains associated with precipitation) diffusion of silver to the surface via dislocation pipes. Internal-band formation is discussed in terms of prior data in the literature and various models. It is thought that stress effects (induced by precipitation), nucleation, and clustering of oxygen with Mg play significant roles in causing internal-band formation. 相似文献