基于BIM技术的建筑建模与成本控制

本论文根据潍坊市寒亭区农村住宅F9C住宅楼,建筑面积195.5 m2,使用面积169.7 m2,根据住宅图纸建立模型、通过建筑建模解决问题、运用BIM建模发现的问题。建立模型当中屋顶的绘制和玻璃斜板的绘制是难点,出于图纸设计和整体美观的考虑,改变部分墙体、楼板和玻璃斜板的坡度,使屋顶更加美观,优化了玻璃斜板的施工方法。由于BIM建模处于施工阶段的前一项工作,能够全面地体现整体建筑,做好数据信息和几何信息的控制,同时可以监控施工中工程信息的变化的同时更改信息实时记录,弥补了传统成本控制中事前控制和事中控制的缺失,不仅对图纸设计进行改良避免了施工过程的损失,还对工期和质量的控制保障有所提高。对于BIM这个新兴产品,在国内没有被广泛的接受,原因不单单包括大部分人对BIM的陌生和只有少数人拥有BIM技术,还包括计算机技术的提升和投资方不愿意对该业务资金的投入,BIM在国内发展缓慢。经过时间累计,BIM对工程成本控制的优点会被越来越多的人看到,也将会带动建筑业的发展。     

Quick energy prediction and comparison of options at the early design stage

The energy-efficient building design requires building performance simulation (BPS) to compare multiple design options for their energy performance. However, at the early stage, BPS is often ignored, due to uncertainty, lack of details, and computational time. This article studies probabilistic and deterministic approaches to treat uncertainty; detailed and simplified zoning for creating zones; and dynamic simulation and machine learning for making energy predictions. A state-of-the-art approach, such as dynamic simulation, provide a reliable estimate of energy demand, but computationally expensive. Reducing computational time requires the use of an alternative approach, such as a machine learning (ML) model. However, an alternative approach will cause a prediction gap, and its effect on comparing options needs to be investigated. A plugin for Building information modelling (BIM) modelling tool has been developed to perform BPS using various approaches. These approaches have been tested for an office building with five design options. A method using the probabilistic approach to treat uncertainty, detailed zoning to create zones, and EnergyPlus to predict energy is treated as the reference method. The deterministic or ML approach has a small prediction gap, and the comparison results are similar to the reference method. The simplified model approach has a large prediction gap and only makes only 40% comparison results are similar to the reference method. These findings are useful to develop a BIM integrated tool to compare options at the early design stage and ascertain which approach should be adopted in a time-constraint situation.     

数字化水电站设计施工运营应用平台建设

在数字经济和互联网+的大背景下,水电站传统的设计、建造、运维管理模式效率较低,越来越不能适应日益提高的工程建设管理需求。随着国家大力推进水电工程设计、建造和管理数字化、网络化、智能化进程,结合水电站建设特点,提出了用于全生命周期管理的数字化水电站建设的理念。数字化水电站的建设分为数字化协同设计、数字化施工管理、数字化运维管理3个阶段,其建设过程遵循全生命周期管理原则,统筹水电站规划设计、施工建设、运维检修全过程;以数据共享为基础,以智能控制为建设手段;以自动化、互动化、人性化为基本特征;本质是安全、高效可靠、绿色环保、和谐友好的现代化水电站。     

基于BIM与IoT数据的交互方法

为解决传统设备管理中物联网(IoT)动态数据的优化存储和高效调用,对物联网动态数据的存储和调用做深入研究,提出一个基于IoT数据的数据存储框架,有效存储大量物联网数据,集成结构化和非结构化数据。进一步结合BIM数字化技术开发一个面向建筑设备管理云平台,对如何使BIM数据和设备动态数据进行业务交互做详细的交互设计。以某净水厂泵房设备管理为案例,充分验证该研究方法的实用性和价值所在,优化传统设备管理方式的同时,提高了管理界面的友好交互性,使管理变得更加高效便捷。     

A BIM-based visualization and warning system for fire rescue

Structural fires are common disasters. In Taiwan, about 100 firefighters die during fire rescues each year, primarily because they are unaware of the causes of the fire and unfamiliar with the location’s environment. Meanwhile, evacuees often die in the panic of evacuation. To solve these problems, this research proposes a Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based visualization and warning system for fire rescue. A fire dynamics simulator (FDS) simulates various conditions of structural fires in conjunction with the visualization and integration properties of BIM, and the simulation results for temperature, carbon monoxide, and visibility can be integrated and presented in the BIM model for briefing purposes before rescue operations begin. In addition, this research integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which allows real-time situation monitoring. In the event of a fire, the BIM model will immediately display the situation of the fire scene and control LED escape route pointers according to the actual situation. The primary objective of this system is to provide useful information to firefighters such that they can be aware of the fire’s environment and create an effective rescue plan. Moreover, the automated LED escape route pointer may assist the building’s occupants to escape, provide the firefighters with valuable information, and allow them quickly to discover hazards so that the number of casualties can be minimized.     

Analysis of early-design timber models for sound insulation

Timber construction is associated with a low carbon footprint and offers a high degree of sustainability. However, it poses challenges considering sound insulation. Acoustic analyses, which could require major expensive and time consuming changes in the building design, are typically performed once the design is already in the detailed stage. By using building information modelling (BIM), it is possible to shift the planning of the building physics, including acoustic analysis, to earlier phases. To make this possible, building models must include all the information necessary to perform acoustic analyses. One important part of acoustic analysis is identifying junctions between elements and map them to the junction types in standards. Until now, this investigation involves tedious manual processing for extracting multiple topological dependencies between different elements. Hence, this paper presents a framework for a seamless workflow between building models and acoustic analysis tools, based on an analysis of data models. The framework extracts and analyzes the element types, their geometry, and the connections of the individual elements in relation to each other. Through topological reasoning, along with a set of logical rules, the proposed framework identifies fifteen types of junctions, which can be distinguished acoustically for timber construction. The approach was evaluated in a prototypical implementation using a real-world model based on Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) as an example, in which the potential connection types were successfully extracted. This paper shows that junction analysis can be done with a geometric analysis to fill in missing semantic information about junctions of elements from the original data model.     

Graph-based version control for asynchronous BIM collaboration

Collaboration and communication are two essential aspects of Building Information Modeling (BIM). Current practice and international standards implement BIM collaboration on the basis of domain model federation where loosely coupled models are managed as separated files and coordinated in a mostly manual fashion. The concept has severe limitations regarding concurrency and version control, as the granularity of change tracking remains on the level of complete files and does not reach individual model objects. Due to this lack of change traceability, high manual effort for the subsequent coordination across the domains is generated. These limitations can be overcome by implementing modern approaches of digital collaboration based on object-level synchronization, widely denoted as BIM level 3. This paper presents a sound methodological basis for object-based version control by (1) representing the object networks of BIM models as formal property graph structures and (2) describing changes of the model by graph transformations. Consequently, modifications can be transmitted as graph transformation rules which are subsequently integrated on the receiving side, thus achieving object-level synchronization. The paper provides the underlying theory of describing model changes by means of graph transformations and demonstrates its benefits using the example of domain models implementing the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) as their underlying data model.     

Modeling and analyzing dynamic social networks for behavioral pattern discovery in collaborative design

As a newly-developed information exchange and management platform, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is altering the way of collaboration among multi-engineers for civil engineering projects. During the BIM implementation, a large number of event logs are automatically generated and accumulated to record details of the model evolution. For knowledge discovery from huge logs, a novel BIM event log mining approach based on the dynamic social network analysis is presented to examine designers’ performance objectively, which has been verified in BIM event logs about an ongoing year-long design project. Relying on meaningful information extracted from time-stamped logs, networks on the monthly interval are built to graphically represent information and knowledge sharing among designers. Special emphasis is put on measuring designers’ influence by a defined new metric called “impact score”, which combines the k-shell method and 1-step neighbors to achieve comparatively low computational cost and high accurate ranking. Besides, an emerging machine learning algorithm named CatBoost is utilized to predict designers’ influence intelligently by learning features from both network structure and human behavior. It has been found that twelve networks can be easily distinguished into two collaborative patterns, whose characteristics in both network structures and designers’ behaviors are significantly different. The most influential designers are similar within the same group but varied from different groups. Extensive analytical results confirm that the method can potentially serve as month-by-month feedback to monitor the complex modeling process, which further supports managers to realize data-driven decision making for better leadership and work plan towards an optimized collaborative design.     

水利水电工程的图形信息模型研究

在水利水电工程领域,应用信息技术较普及的是计算机辅助设计技术,然而这些研究和应用仅仅表现的是图形本身的几何属性,并没有将一些关键的物理属性、拓扑等信息融入到图形之中,忽略了图形和信息的融合。本文基于BIM 理论,提出水利水电工程的图形信息模型(HPIM,Hydropwer Project Information Modeling)的总体框架,通过CAD 中的三维几何造型引擎(ACIS)和拓扑运算用基本图元构造出工程几何形态,并将图形运算与图元扩展数据贮存相结合,实现图形与信息的融合。构造出的图形信息模型为水利水电工程不同阶段的应用提供简洁的共享的方法。     

基于BIM技术的地下空间曲线钢管分段排布算法

针对长距离输水工程中钢管分段效率低、精度差及模型数据检查困难等问题,引入可视化程度高、信息集成能力强的建筑信息模型(BIM)技术,以BIM设计平台Autodesk的Revit软件及其二次开发插件Dynamo作为开发平台和可视化编程工具,开发了一套基于Revit软件的钢管自动分段、自动排布模拟、自动集成设计施工信息的分段排布算法,实现了对复杂输水路线的良好拟合。该分段排布算法能快速调整地下复杂空间曲线的钢管分段排布方案,直观地检查钢管分段的合理性和准确性,快速查询钢管编号、里程、偏差以及坡口等参数信息,实现参数微调与图元变化联动以及BIM模型与设计数据的交互,已成功应用于杭州市第二水源工程、嘉兴市域外配水工程等工程。