预裂爆破在龙华口坝肩石方开挖中的应用

龙华口水电站大坝是一座碾压混凝土大坝,左右坝肩边坡采用周边预裂深孔爆破,文中具体阐述了应用孔外微差及孔内延时爆破技术的具体情况。     

Application of direct computing of one-way coupling technique in seismic analysis of concrete gravity dam

A dam-reservoir system subjected to an earthquake is a nonlinear system,because the fluid equations are always nonlinear regardless of the linear or nonlinear model used for the dam body.Therefore,transient analysis is necessary.In this study,dam-reservoir interaction during earthquake excitation was modeled by utilizing coupled finite element equations based on the Eulerian approach.Direct computing of the one-way coupling technique was used to solve the coupled equations.This technique is based on a simple assumption that the fluid hydrodynamic pressure is applied to the dam body while the deformation of the dam has no influence on the water field.Seismic response analysis of the Sonla concrete gravity dam constructed in Sonla Province,Vietnam was carried out as a verification example.The results of the methodology introduced are in close agreement with results of the iterative method and the solution procedure is found to be less time-consuming than that of the iterative method.This method is very convenient and can be easily implemented in fmite element programs with fluid-structure interaction modules.     

溪洛渡大坝混凝土特性及防裂措施

溪洛渡拱坝混凝土采用玄武岩粗骨料、灰岩细骨料,针对骨料特性,通过优化配合比、提高水泥要求以及外掺MgO等工程措施,有效地改善了混凝土的极限拉伸变形和自身体积变形,提高了混凝土的抗裂特性,保证了溪洛渡大坝混凝土的质量。     

Delayed influence of dam storage and discharge on the determination of seasonal proliferations of Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii in a regulated river system of the lower Nakdong River (South Korea)

This study presents the relationship between the dam hydrology and phytoplankton proliferations in a regulated river system in East Asia. A long-term ecological study reveals that multi-purpose dam regulation on river flow in the Nakdong River (South Korea) affects proliferating patterns of phytoplankton, especially during summer (June-August) and winter (December-next February) as Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, respectively, dominate each season by over 80%. Eutrophication was observed in the lower Nakdong River (South Korea) (mean+/-standard deviation: nitrate-N, 2.8+/-0.9 mg L(-1); phosphate-P, 40.3+/-31.3 microg L(-1); chlorophyll a, 45.2+/-84.9 microg L(-1); n=449), and the limnological characteristics responded to climatic variations such as monsoon and summer typhoons. The river basin experiences concentrated rainfall during the rainy season (June-September, over ca. 60% of total annual rainfall). Correlation and cross-correlation for time-delayed relationship revealed the hydrological environments (i.e., quantity of dam storage and discharge) had significantly negative relationship with the population dynamics of the two bloom-forming species for up to the next 2 years. S. hantzschii had clearer relationship with dam storage and discharge, which might be due to the seasonality exhibited by the species. The results support the necessity of "smart flow control" which may enable destruction of bloom formation by the two species with an adequate pulse of discharge generated by upstream dams in the far-east Asian river systems. This would increase the efficiency of water resource management system.     

白鹤滩水电站尾水隧洞施工通风效果研究

白鹤滩水电站右岸尾水隧洞平均埋深400m以上,第Ⅰ层开挖采用独头掘进方式,无进、排风竖井和平洞,通风线路结合施工支洞布置,不具备设置射流风机接力通风条件,一站式最远通风距离达3700m,施工通风十分困难。为确保通风效果,计算了各施工工序需风量,采用Fluent流体数值软件,建立了三维、非稳态的大埋深独头隧洞气体湍流模型,对爆破通风流场形态和污染物逸散、分布规律进行了研究,并通过现场污染物测试进行了验证。研究表明:尾水隧洞通风2min后流场基本稳定,掌子面爆破后污染物浓度先急剧增加,之后随着时间的增加不断降低。通风12min后,掌子面3m附近污染物浓度满足规范要求;15min后,所有部位污染物浓度均接近规范允许范围,气流组织顺畅,通风效果良好。     

神木钢管拱桥钢结构制作技术

介绍神木钢管拱桥的结构特点和制作方法。为保证产品质量要求，神木钢管拱桥严格执行TB10212—98《铁路钢桥制造规范》，依据焊接评定工艺确定合理的焊接坡口及焊接方法；其次，设计并制造符合结构特点的工装设备，以及严格地执行检测方法，是钢管拱桥制造成功的必要措施。     

南水北调丹江口大坝加高工程施工技术

丹江口大坝加高工程,是南水北调中线工程的关键性、控制性、标志性的龙头工程。该工程规模大、难点多,其采用的新老混凝土结合技术、大体积混凝土及薄层混凝土拆除技术、水下金结埋件检测与修复技术、高水头下的帷幕灌浆技术等施工技术措施,可为老化和病害水工混凝土建筑物的修复和改造提供可供借鉴的经验。     

1923 Gleno Dam Break: Case Study and Numerical Modeling

On the morning of December 1, 1923, the Gleno Dam (located in the Central Italian Alps) suddenly collapsed a few days after the first complete reservoir filling. Nearly 4.5×106??m3 of water was released. The consequent inundation caused significant destruction along the downstream valley and a death toll of at least 356 lives. This failure is the only historical case of dam break caused by structural deficiencies that has occurred in Italy. As a result, it has deeply influenced the evolution of Italian regulations regarding dam design and hydraulic risk evaluation. However, in spite of its relevance, this event has never been characterized from a hydraulic standpoint. This paper reports the main information obtained from the analysis of a vast amount of historical documents regarding the Gleno Dam break to set up a case study useful for validating dam-break models in mountain settings. Moreover, it presents the main results of one-dimensional (1D) modeling of the dam break wave propagation accomplished with a first-order finite volume numerical scheme recently proposed in the literature for field applications. The overall effectiveness and reliability of the model are evaluated for this case characterized by very irregular topography. Finally, the practical relevance of several choices that the numerical reconstruction of this kind of event demands is tested.     

Earthquake Safety Evaluation of Gravity Dams Considering Aftershocks and Reduced Drainage Efficiency

This paper develops a methodology to perform seismic response analyses of concrete gravity dams considering aftershocks, and reduced drainage efficiency due to disruption of the drainage system. A database of earthquake records has been assembled to characterize main shocks and aftershocks. A drain finite difference hydraulic model considering laminar or turbulent two-dimensional flow in connecting cracks, geometrical distortions due to joint dilatancy while sliding, and misaligned drain segments is developed and validated. Coupled-hydromechanical analyses on the seismic response of a drained 90?m gravity dam are used to show the importance of cumulative displacements on the increase in uplift pressures, drain flow, and reduced sliding safety factors. Aftershock response is especially sensitive to the drainage system dimensions and model parameters, such as the foundation stiffness, and the number of potentially sliding joints. The proposed methodology forms the basis to develop displacement based performance criteria in stability evaluation of existing dams reevaluated for much higher ground motions intensities that they have been designed for many years ago.     

万家寨水利枢纽利用岩的开挖卸荷及对策

万家寨水利枢纽位于深切U型峡谷区，基坑开挖过程中，坝基及厂房利用岩的卸荷回弹与其地质背景和裸露时间密切相关，施工时根据其特征，采取了相应对策，并取得良好效果。