浅谈节水灌溉技术在庄浪县果园生产中的应用

介绍甘肃省庄浪县高邵坪节水灌溉示范园区节水灌溉技术应用,并取得显著的效益.实践证明,在半干旱气候地区大力推广节水灌溉技术前景广阔.     

Sustainable Disposal of Domestic Sanitary Waste

The study presented is an example of the assessment of the relative sustainability of either option for disposal of domestic sanitary waste, either via the toilet or via the solid waste route. This required an evaluation of the total (social, economic, environmental, and technical) benefit/cost of implementing and adopting the alternative routes and an assessment of public responsiveness to encouragement to change sanitary waste disposal practices. It illustrates how, even for an apparently straightforward either/or question, the assessment of relative sustainability is complex and the amount of data needed to quantify sustainability indicators is prodigious. The study also provides an appraisal of the effectiveness of public campaigns to reduce waterborne disposal. Important information regarding public attitude and behavior in relation to wastewater systems has been acquired and lessons for ways of encouraging behavioral change to more sustainable ways of living have been gleaned.     

无功补偿在高耗能工业区的应用

针对如何解决高耗能工业区电网系统缺无功问题,提出了切实可行的方案,并通过实例,对方案的效益进行了评价。     

直接还原铁在我厂电弧炉炼钢中的应用及效果分析

概述了直接还原铁的特性及在我厂电弧炉炼钢中的使用情况，并将其效果作了进一步分析。     

冶金企业科技创效评价体系的建设探讨

科技创新与创效总是相伴而行的,创新是手段,创效是目的,把科研成果转化为经济效益是每个企业的普遍追求,建立一个科学的科技创效评价体系是促进科技创新工作有效开展的重要途径。     

吉林省气象卫星遥感技术服务效益评估研究

利用专家评估法中较成熟的德尔斐法进行吉林省气象卫星遥感应用服务效益评估,根据本省的应用服务特点,选择确定了评估的行业、范围、专家、内容,设计了评估咨询调查表,采用通信问卷形式辅以个别面对面送达材料并介绍情况的办法。通过对所选专家进行两轮的问卷调查,采用统一的计算模型,利用吉林省有关行业的国民生产总值,进行逐项分类统计分析,最后经综合分析评估出吉林省气象卫星遥感技术服务总效益约为5·3亿元人民币,效益成本比为:18∶1。     

农村配电网项目投资效益评估方法研究

农村配电网建设投资不断加大,其成本所占比例高,迫切需要寻求适应农网建设项目特点的投资分析方法。提出了符合农村配电网实际且具有很强操作性的投资效益评价指标体系,以及对指标进行归一化及权重计算并采用线性评分方法进行评价的分析模型,以此来计算农网建设项目的投资效益。算例和应用情况表明,该模型对导向农网建设项目的投资、提高投资效益、改善项目决策及管理水平有重要价值。     

Developing benefit schemes and financial compensation measures for fishermen impacted by marine renewable energy projects

Commercial fishermen are arguably the stakeholder group most likely to be directly impacted by the expansion of the marine renewable energy (MRE) sector. The potential opposition of fishermen may hinder the development of MRE projects and the provision of benefit schemes could to enhance acceptance. Benefit schemes refer to additional voluntary measures that are provided by a developer to local stakeholders. The aim of this study is to explore the issue of the provision of benefit packages to local fishing communities and financial compensation measures for fishermen who may be impacted by MRE projects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen fishermen from three separate case study sites around the island of Ireland where MRE projects were being developed. In addition, ten company fisheries liaison officers (CFLOs) who have worked on MRE projects in the UK and Ireland were also interviewed. The interviews were analysed under the headings of local employment, benefits in kind, compensation and community funds and ownership of projects. Analysis shows that there is uncertainty among fishermen over whether they would benefit or gain employment from MRE. Provision of re-training schemes and preferential hiring practices could be used by MRE developers to reduce this uncertainty. There was also agreement between fishermen and CFLOs on the need for the provision of an evidence-base and a standard approach for the calculation of disruption payments. A formal structure for the provision of benefit schemes for fishermen would be useful. Furthermore, schemes that provide a range of benefits to fishermen and other stakeholders over the lifetime of a MRE project are more likely to be successful at enhancing acceptance.     

The consumer’s perception of artificial food additives: Influences on acceptance,risk and benefit perceptions

Food additives, such as food colours or sweeteners, play an important part in food supply. For a variety of reasons, some consumers might regard the use of food additives, especially artificial ones, with suspicion; food additives are considered unnatural, unhealthy or even a public health risk. The goal of this study was to investigate consumers’ perceptions and the most essential variables related to the acceptance of food additives. Two versions of a paper-and-pencil questionnaire, one investigating artificial food colours and the other investigating artificial sweeteners, were distributed to a large sample of Swiss German households. The final samples for artificial food colours and artificial sweeteners comprised 506 and 487 participants respectively. The questionnaires contained items on consumers’ acceptance, risk and benefit perception, trust in regulators, knowledge of regulation and their preference for natural products. The relationships between variables were investigated in a path model, which was constructed based on a review of previous literature. The path coefficients suggested that risk and benefit perceptions significantly influence the acceptance of the two selected food additives. The risk and benefit perceptions were influenced by consumers’ knowledge of regulation, their trust in regulators, and their preference for natural products. In the discussion, the study’s findings are examined in terms of their implications for further research and for the development of concrete communication materials.     

A composite indicator for measuring the environmental performance of water,wastewater, and solid waste utilities

The aim of this paper is to measure and benchmark the environmental performance of Portuguese utilities jointly active in the three sectors of water supply, wastewater collection and solid waste management. To do so, we suggest the use of a traditional (optimistic) directional distance Benefit of the Doubt index. We complement the analysis by considering also the pessimistic version of the proposed BoD and by implementing a robust and conditional approach. The obtained results show that there is space for improvement in the pressure balance of these utilities, especially for small and very large units, mostly operating in urban areas.