环鄱阳湖区域污染净化型农业产业化发展模式构想

在环鄱阳湖区域实施污染净化型农业的产业化是控制湖区面源污染,实现经济转型的重要策略。本文论述了污染净化型农业特点及其在鄱阳湖实施产业化的有利条件,提出了适合鄱阳湖区域特色的污染净化型农业产业化模式。     

浮选柱处理滇池污水的工艺初探

针对滇池水污染的状况和治理现状，对目前国内采用ICEAS工艺的污水处理厂脱氮除磷效果不佳的现状，此工艺采用浮选柱作为浮选设备，并采用充以臭氧等新的技术，能更有效地解决滇池污水中的氮、磷、有机悬浮物、COD污染物，预计会有很好的研究价值和应用前景。     

Automatic Algorithm for Extracting Lake Boundaries in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on Cloudy Landsat TM/OLI Image and DEM

Lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are numerous and widely distributed, accounting for 41% and 57% of the total number and area of lakes in China, which are very important for the study of lakes in the whole country and even in the whole world. Remote sensing has been used to monitor the lake distribution for a long time, but optical remote sensing images are often obscured by clouds, from which it’s impossible to automatically extract complete lake boundaries. An automatic interpolation algorithm for lake boundary generation based on cloudy Landsat TM/OLI image and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is proposed. Firstly, supported by the platform of Google Earth Engine, the tier1 data of Landsat TM/OLI images are used to eliminate the effects of cloud, cloud shadow, snow and mountain area, based on the Pixel Quality Assessment (pixel_qa) attribute and SRTM 30 m DEM. Then, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) is calculated, and the Canny edge detection algorithm are used to obtain the known part of the lake boundary (L) in cloud-free areas. The possible lake areas are obtained by range filtering of DEM locally. At the same time, DEM is used to generate contours with an isometric interval of 1 m, and a series of contours surrounding the possible lake area are automatically screened out. The tree structure is established according to the inclusion relationship between contours. The leaf nodes are the innermost contours, which are recorded as inner contours (C1). Because the acquisition time of Landsat and DEM is different, with the lake expanding or shrinking, the lake water surface will rise or fall relative to the inner contour. Different methods of determining the outer contour (C2) are adopted. Subsequently, the slope-aspect relationship between the inner contour C1 and the outer contour C2 and the known part of the lake boundary L is established, and the unknown lake boundary points are interpolated. Finally, the nearest neighbor method is used to connect the known lake boundary points with the interpolated Lake boundary points to form a complete lake boundary. The extracted lake boundaries were validated by visual digitized lake boundaries from ZiYuan-3 image or cloud-free Landsat image on the near date. It is found that they are basically coincided, and the percentage of differences in length and area are -6.81%~9.4% and -2.11%~2.7% respectively. It shows that this method is very effective for automatic extraction of Lake boundary from cloudy Landsat TM/OLI images, and provides a new method for automatic extraction of long time series Lake boundary and its temporal and spatial variation analysis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on GEE and other big data platforms.     

松辽盆地晚中生代裂谷作用与伸展构造样式

松辽盆地中西部的裂谷作用自下白垩统沙河子组沉积期持续到营城组沉积期,东部从下白垩统沙河子组沉积期持续到登娄库组沉积期.在不同构造层次形成了变形特征有别的构造,中浅层伸展构造的基本要素是断陷盆地边界主断裂,基本结构单元是半地堑和半地垒,横向上呈多米诺型垒-堑构造.主断裂中东倾者倾角缓但向东有增大的趋势;西倾者数量有限但倾角较陡.断陷包括水平拉张量大而裂谷期沉降量小的半地堑和水平拉张量小但裂谷期最大沉降的半地堑.这些断陷盆地在北北东方向呈串珠状,自西而东成带.在中-下地壳发生韧性变形,形成一向东倾拆离带,深度范围15～30km. 裂谷的扩展有3种方式,即边界断裂的斜向后退扩展,断陷带的走向式扩展,断陷群的横向扩展.     

塔里木盆地卡塔克2、3、4区块烃源条件

根据近年的钻井、测井及地化分析资料对卡塔克2、3、4区块烃源条件重新评价，认为该区块发育有中下寒武统、上寒武统一下奥陶统和中上奥陶统三个烃源岩层段，中上奥陶统灰泥丘和暗色泥岩为本区主要烃源岩。综合评价，卡塔克2、3、4区块烃源充足，该区油气勘探前景较好。     

准噶尔盆地腹部陆南凸起原油成因分类及含油有利区预测

根据原油物性和地化分析资料将陆南凸起的原油分为五类:夏盐型——成熟-高成熟的古生界原油;石西型——高成熟的古生界原油;陆南型——成熟的中生界与古生界混源原油;滴西型——成熟的中生界原油;滴南型——低成熟一成熟的古生界原油.根据各类原油在平面上的分布规律,结合构造圈闭条件,预测出三个含油气有利区,其中陆梁隆起西段和达巴松凸起是勘探相对成熟区;东道海子北凹陷至五彩湾凹陷一带之东侧是寻找古生界自生自储油气藏的有利地区,而凹陷边缘隆起区是寻找断裂遮挡型油气藏的有利地区.     

莺─琼盆地梅山组烃源岩中树脂物质的特征和赋存形式

莺─琼盆地中新统梅山组有机质类型为典型的Ⅲ型干酪根，其饱和烃和芳烃馏分中富含来源于化石树脂的杜松烷系列化合物。显微镜分析表明梅山组有机质中树脂体含量较低，在有机显微组分所占比例在４％以下，平均含量只有１．５％～２％，且颗粒细小，多为１～３μｍ。干酪根超薄切片的透射电子显微镜分析证实微米级和微米级以下超微树脂体在低成熟（Ｒｏ＜０．７０％）梅山组烃源岩干酪根中广泛存在，其丰度可达５％～１０％，而较高成熟度下则其中广泛存在亚微粒体和微粒体。梅山组烃源岩植物树脂主要赋存在超微层次和分子级层次，成烃过程中植物树脂的贡献远较烃源岩中树脂体数量所反映的高。根据梅山组有机质组成和丰度，认为它可作为良好气源岩，丰富树脂物质的存在大大提高了其生气强度。     

柴达木盆地油泉子储油构造分析

通过对野外露头、地震反射剖面和钻井资料的综合分析,查明柴达木盆地油泉子储油构造为共轭膝褶带夹持的不对称半箱状背斜,具有北北东倾的平直转折端,北翼为一宽超过800m的大型膝褶带,高角度倾向南南西,带内岩层产状直立。带内岩层的旋转指示南侧沿膝褶带向北逆向剪切。南翼发育四条规模较小的膝褶带,向南逆冲剪切,导致该翼呈阶梯状产出,总体南南西倾,倾角约20°。沿南北两翼膝褶带边界仅见小型高角逆断层,膝褶带内裂隙发育,主要为顺层张裂隙,其次为与层理近垂直的张裂隙(主要出现在坚硬的钙质粉砂岩中),偶尔见有小型低角逆冲断层。这些断裂普遍被纤维状石膏充填,并见少量油迹,表明这些断裂为高流体压力下的产物。鉴于膝褶带及相关背斜高点为裂隙发育带,具有油气运移和聚集的双重功能,在缺乏足够理想的岩性储集层的情况下,为寻找裂隙型油气藏提供了新途径。     

四川盆地下二叠统,上三叠统水动力场与天然气保存

下二叠统和上三叠统储集层是四川盆地油气主力产层。在对其水动力场控制因素分析研究的基础上，对实测地层压力资料进行数据处理，分别建立了Ｐ１和Ｔ３地层压力预测模型。地层埋深，孔隙度，构造抬升率和褶皱强度等为现今水动力场的主要控制因素，其中地层埋深对地层压力的影响最大。     

柴达木盆地西部大风山地区古近系下干柴沟组下段物源方向研究

目前普遍认为柴达木盆地西部大风山地区古近系下干柴沟组下段(E13)只发育向西南方向流动的牛鼻子梁物源所形成的冲积扇-河流-辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,对于物源方向的这种认识难以解释以下事实:第一,风2井在E31发育厚层辫状水道砂岩,而位于上倾方向碱1井的对应层位则发育薄、中厚层河口砂坝砂和分流水道砂;第二,在E13沉积时,牛鼻子梁地区是阿尔金山向东南方向延伸的古鼻梁,该古鼻梁是牛鼻子梁以北地区物源向西南方向流动的屏障;第三,牛参1井位于长期继承性发育的一里坪凹陷的西北边缘,大风山地区的古地貌要高于一里坪凹陷;第四,坪东F1断层与坪东F2断层所夹持的区域在E31时是一个继承性发育的小型断陷。在综合研究该地区的钻井、测井、二维地震资料和古地理背景的基础上,首次提出在E13沉积时,大风山地区的物源来自红三旱一号以北地区,而一里坪坳陷是牛鼻子梁物源汇聚区的新认识。这一新认识对于重新认识大风山地区的沉积体系及寻找优质有效碎屑岩储层具有重要的勘探实践意义。