连铸板坯滑动水口三维流场湍流计算模型比较

分别采用标准k-e模型、雷诺应力模型(RSM)和超声波多普勒测速(UDV)方法对滑板控制浇注流量浸入式水口内部和出口流动特征进行对比分析,并探讨湍流模型对滑板浇注系统数值模拟的适用性. 结果表明,由于滑板的节流作用,在滑板下方的水口内出现高度约为80 mm的二次流,在滑板下方100 mm处出现高度为50 mm的分离流,并在水口出口出现旋转出流,其方向由滑板堵塞侧、经水口底部向滑板开启侧旋转. 标准k-e模型计算的水口出流的旋转方向与UDV测量的旋转方向相反,RSM计算结果与实验测量结果比较吻合,具有更好的适用性. 并从分子动力理论角度、各向同性假设和历史效应等方面,分析了标准k-e模型存在的理论缺陷.     

黑体辐射逆问题方程解的唯一性与Riemann假设

黑体辐射反演是黑体辐射研究中提出的新课题.在实际应用中,许多物体的表面温度分布(a(T)),难以直接测量,但其温度辐射功率谱W(v)可以被测量,此文给出一个由功率谱W(v)获得表面温度分布a(T)的严格解并讨论其解的唯一性.     

煤与瓦斯突出机理研究现状

该文简要回顾了煤与瓦斯突出历史,分析了煤与瓦斯突出的动力现象及特征、我国煤矿生产过程中煤与瓦斯突出的特点;阐明了国内外学者对煤与瓦斯突出研究而提出的各种假说。     

基于拉式生产模式的企业人力资源需求分析

拉式生产是采用订单生产的方式,这样可以有效地减少仓储的成本。但是订单的不确定性给企业的生产带来了新的问题——企业如何确定自己的生产能力？文中通过对订单分析,并结合企业效益以及潜在损失来确定企业的生产能力,并进一步分析了生产人员的需求。     

Matlab统计工具箱的若干优化补充

针对Matlab 6.5统计工具箱没有优化正态总体方差的区间估计,且没有给出正态总体方差检验的问题,通过编写Matlab程序,优化统计工具箱对正态总体方差的区间估计,开发正态总体方差的假设检验算法.实例表明该方法在推断统计方面实用性较强.     

长江上游径流对气象要素变化的敏感性分析

选取长江上游8个主要水文站(直门达、石鼓、屏山、高场、北碚、寸滩、武隆、宜昌)控制流域作为子流域,利用其1979—2015年径流及气象数据,采用机器学习方法计算径流对降水与气温变化的敏感性,并与多元线性回归法和Budyko框架法进行对比,分析降水与气温变化对径流变化的贡献。结果表明：1979—2015年8个子流域径流与降水变化趋势整体不显著(p=0.01),气温呈显著上升趋势(p<0.01);径流对降水、气温的敏感性系数均值范围分别为0.37～0.76 mm/mm、-4.77～-33.53 mm/℃;径流对降水、气温的敏感性系数随着干旱指数的增大而减小;在干旱指数大的子流域降水变化对径流变化的影响更大,在干旱指数小的子流域气温变化对径流变化的影响更大。     

关于考试成绩评估的统计分析方法

从数理统计的理论与方法分析入手,通过运用x^2-检验法对学生考试成绩进行科学、客观的分析,给出从学生的考试成绩对教学质量进行改进的思路及标准,并对不同容量的样本举例说明该方法的可行性与可操作性,最后提出运用偏度、峰度检验法对学生考试成绩进行评估的新方法。     

沮河流域径流变化特征及归因分析

径流变化的特征及归因分析对区域水资源规划和合理开发利用具有重要意义。本文以沮河流域为研究区域,利用线性回归法、五年滑动平均法及重标极差（R/S）分析法阐述水文要素的变化规律,通过Mann-Kendall突变检验和有序聚类法确定沮河黄陵站径流序列突变年份,利用基于Budyko假设的互补关系法及累积量斜率变化率比较法（SCRAQ法）对径流变化进行归因分析。结果表明,1967—2019年期间沮河流域年降水量呈上升趋势,年潜在蒸发量和年径流深呈下降趋势,且径流序列在1985年发生突变;两种方法计算得到的气候变化对径流减小贡献率分别为24.04%和11.71%,人类活动的贡献率分别为75.96%和88.29%,水利水保措施及煤矿开采等剧烈的人类活动是沮河流域径流减小的主要驱动因子。     

Tests of the dynamic field theory and the spatial precision hypothesis: Capturing a qualitative developmental transition in spatial working memory.

This study tested a dynamic field theory (DFT) of spatial working memory and an associated spatial precision hypothesis (SPH). Between 3 and 6 years of age, there is a qualitative shift in how children use reference axes to remember locations: 3-year-olds’ spatial recall responses are biased toward reference axes after short memory delays, whereas 6-year-olds’ responses are biased away from reference axes. According to the DFT and the SPH, quantitative improvements over development in the precision of excitatory and inhibitory working memory processes lead to this qualitative shift. Simulations of the DFT in Experiment 1 predict that improvements in precision should cause the spatial range of targets attracted toward a reference axis to narrow gradually over development, with repulsion emerging and gradually increasing until responses to most targets show biases away from the axis. Results from Experiment 2 with 3- to 5-year-olds support these predictions. Simulations of the DFT in Experiment 3 quantitatively fit the empirical results and offer insights into the neural processes underlying this developmental change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The cognitive differentiation-integration effort hypothesis: A synthesis between the fitness indicator and life history models of human intelligence.

This article presents a potential synthesis between the fitness indicator and life history models of human intelligence through consideration of the phenomena of ability differentiation and integration. The cognitive differentiation-integration effort hypothesis proposes that these effects result from a life history tradeoff between cognitive integration effort, a mating effort component associated with strengthening the positive manifold amongst abilities; and cognitive differentiation effort, a somatic effort component associated with the cultivation of specific abilities. This represents one of two largely independent sources of genetic variance in intelligence; the other is mediated by general fitness and mutation load and is associated with individual differences in levels of 'genetic g'. These two sources (along with a common source of environmental variance) combine to give rise to a variety of cognitive phenotypes characterized by different combinations of high or low levels of 'genetic g' and cognitive specialism or generalism. Fundamental to this model is the assumption that measures of life history speed (K) and g are essentially independent, which is demonstrated via meta-analysis of 10 studies reporting correlations between the variables (ρ = .023, ns, n = 2056). The implications of the model are discussed in an evolutionary, ecological, and developmental context. Seven key predictions are made in the discussion which if tested could provide definitive evidence for the hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)