Matlab统计工具箱的若干优化补充

针对Matlab 6.5统计工具箱没有优化正态总体方差的区间估计,且没有给出正态总体方差检验的问题,通过编写Matlab程序,优化统计工具箱对正态总体方差的区间估计,开发正态总体方差的假设检验算法.实例表明该方法在推断统计方面实用性较强.     

一种基于小波变换的序列图像中小目标检测与跟踪算法

该文提出了一种快速检测序列图像中低信噪比(2dB)小目标的算法。采用小波滤波器对每帧图像滤波,提高目标的信噪比,降低了低信噪比小目标检测算法的运算量;采用固定长度的假设检验算法,生成起始航迹,有效地避免航迹的漏检;采用截断序贯似然比检验,形成确认航迹。仿真结果表明应用此算法,可快速实现信噪比小于2dB的小目标(22)的检测与跟踪。     

导弹脱靶量的Bayes检验方法及其应用

针对导弹脱靶量的检验问题,分析了Bayes假设检验方法及其应用,推导了Bayes序贯检验方法.通过计算分析,证明通过利用验前信息,可以降低试验风险和减少试验子样,使鉴定结论更加可信.     

基于图像流分析的红外运动点目标检测算法

文中提出了将图像流分析与多级假设检验算法相结合的红外序列图像中运动点目标的检测方法。该方法利用目标的运动特性来实现检测算法．是一种快速简单的有效方法。     

长江上游径流对气象要素变化的敏感性分析

选取长江上游8个主要水文站(直门达、石鼓、屏山、高场、北碚、寸滩、武隆、宜昌)控制流域作为子流域,利用其1979—2015年径流及气象数据,采用机器学习方法计算径流对降水与气温变化的敏感性,并与多元线性回归法和Budyko框架法进行对比,分析降水与气温变化对径流变化的贡献。结果表明：1979—2015年8个子流域径流与降水变化趋势整体不显著(p=0.01),气温呈显著上升趋势(p<0.01);径流对降水、气温的敏感性系数均值范围分别为0.37～0.76 mm/mm、-4.77～-33.53 mm/℃;径流对降水、气温的敏感性系数随着干旱指数的增大而减小;在干旱指数大的子流域降水变化对径流变化的影响更大,在干旱指数小的子流域气温变化对径流变化的影响更大。     

Tests of the dynamic field theory and the spatial precision hypothesis: Capturing a qualitative developmental transition in spatial working memory.

This study tested a dynamic field theory (DFT) of spatial working memory and an associated spatial precision hypothesis (SPH). Between 3 and 6 years of age, there is a qualitative shift in how children use reference axes to remember locations: 3-year-olds’ spatial recall responses are biased toward reference axes after short memory delays, whereas 6-year-olds’ responses are biased away from reference axes. According to the DFT and the SPH, quantitative improvements over development in the precision of excitatory and inhibitory working memory processes lead to this qualitative shift. Simulations of the DFT in Experiment 1 predict that improvements in precision should cause the spatial range of targets attracted toward a reference axis to narrow gradually over development, with repulsion emerging and gradually increasing until responses to most targets show biases away from the axis. Results from Experiment 2 with 3- to 5-year-olds support these predictions. Simulations of the DFT in Experiment 3 quantitatively fit the empirical results and offer insights into the neural processes underlying this developmental change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The cognitive differentiation-integration effort hypothesis: A synthesis between the fitness indicator and life history models of human intelligence.

This article presents a potential synthesis between the fitness indicator and life history models of human intelligence through consideration of the phenomena of ability differentiation and integration. The cognitive differentiation-integration effort hypothesis proposes that these effects result from a life history tradeoff between cognitive integration effort, a mating effort component associated with strengthening the positive manifold amongst abilities; and cognitive differentiation effort, a somatic effort component associated with the cultivation of specific abilities. This represents one of two largely independent sources of genetic variance in intelligence; the other is mediated by general fitness and mutation load and is associated with individual differences in levels of 'genetic g'. These two sources (along with a common source of environmental variance) combine to give rise to a variety of cognitive phenotypes characterized by different combinations of high or low levels of 'genetic g' and cognitive specialism or generalism. Fundamental to this model is the assumption that measures of life history speed (K) and g are essentially independent, which is demonstrated via meta-analysis of 10 studies reporting correlations between the variables (ρ = .023, ns, n = 2056). The implications of the model are discussed in an evolutionary, ecological, and developmental context. Seven key predictions are made in the discussion which if tested could provide definitive evidence for the hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

某空旷大跨度体育场馆的建模分析

针对体育场馆类空旷大跨度结构的设计特点,运用有限元程序,对某公司文化体育中心结构的整体受力性能、薄弱部位及大跨度网架屋盖对主体结构受力性能的影响与协同工作等问题进行了模拟分析.计算表明,此类结构具有扭转不规则性,薄弱部位常出现在空旷结构部位和弱连接部位;空旷框架部分存在相对变形大的现象.由于框架柱缺乏有效约束,其计算长度较大,P-△效应明显;网架屋盖在水平力及地震作用下对主体结构有不可忽视的作用,应考虑网架屋盖与下部框架结构的协同工作.实际设计中可考虑将网架部分按照一定的规则等代为钢梁,来近似考虑网架的刚度进行整体设计.     

Why psychologists must change the way they analyze their data: The case of psi: Comment on Bem (2011).

Does psi exist? D. J. Bem (2011) conducted 9 studies with over 1,000 participants in an attempt to demonstrate that future events retroactively affect people's responses. Here we discuss several limitations of Bem's experiments on psi; in particular, we show that the data analysis was partly exploratory and that one-sided p values may overstate the statistical evidence against the null hypothesis. We reanalyze Bem's data with a default Bayesian t test and show that the evidence for psi is weak to nonexistent. We argue that in order to convince a skeptical audience of a controversial claim, one needs to conduct strictly confirmatory studies and analyze the results with statistical tests that are conservative rather than liberal. We conclude that Bem's p values do not indicate evidence in favor of precognition; instead, they indicate that experimental psychologists need to change the way they conduct their experiments and analyze their data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adult age differences in learning from positive and negative probabilistic feedback.

Objective: Past research has investigated age differences in frontal-based decision making, but few studies have focused on the behavioral effects of striatal-based changes in healthy aging. Feedback learning has been found to vary with dopamine levels; increases in dopamine facilitate learning from positive feedback, whereas decreases facilitate learning from negative feedback. Given previous evidence of striatal dopamine depletion in healthy aging, we investigated behavioral differences between college-aged and healthy older adults using a feedback learning task that is sensitive to both frontal and striatal processes. Method: Seventeen college-aged (M = 18.9 years) and 24 healthy, older adults (M = 70.3 years) completed the Probabilistic Selection task, in which participants are trained on probabilistic stimulus-outcome information and then tested to determine whether they learned more from positive or negative feedback. Results: As a group, the older adults learned equally well from positive and negative feedback, whereas the college-aged group learned more from positive than negative feedback, F(1, 39) = 4.10, p effect = .3. However, these group differences were not due to older individuals being more balanced learners. Most individuals of both ages were balanced learners, but while all of the remaining young learners had a positive bias, the remaining older learners were split between those with positive and negative learning biases (χ2(2) = 6.12, p