喷嘴湿气井两相流在线计量装置研究及应用

传统的湿气井计量大多采用分离法,存在工艺流程复杂、造价高昂、占地面积大等缺陷。研制了以喷嘴为节流元件的湿气井气液两相流在线计量装置。应用Fluent软件仿真模拟了单相气、单相液、气液两相流过装置的流动特性,计算了虚高系数,建立了气液两相含率在线计量模型。CFD研究及现场应用表明:该装置模型计量精度高,气相计量误差在5%以内,液相计量误差在8%以内。该装置结构简单,可以将温度、压力、差压、气流量、液流量集成在一个表头显示,可以异地重复使用,维护量少,降低计量设备安装与维护成本,满足气田开发工程计量的需要。     

Turbulence damping above the cloud height in suspensions of concentrated slurries in stirred tanks

Poor mixing in the clear liquid layer above the cloud height has been reported by several authors. This study uses LDV measurements to quantify turbulence above the cloud using a liquid level of 1.5 T to remove the barrier of a free surface at H = T. A D = T/3, down-pumping PBT was used at an off-bottom clearance of C = T/3. Three slurries were tested at impeller speeds 0.8, 1, and 1.2N_js. The change in turbulence was quantified using the normalized root mean square (RMS) of the fluctuating velocity summed and averaged over each radial traverse. A significant difference between the fluctuating values of the cloud height—minimum, average, and maximum—was observed. The turbulence decays until the maximum cloud height. Beyond that, it remains constant and near zero. The effects of both particle size and solids concentration prove to be important.     

Study of filtered interphase heat transfer using highly resolved CFD–DEM simulations

Accurately predicting the complex inhomogeneous heat transfer behavior in gas–solid fluidized beds is of fundamental importance. In this work, we constitute an enhanced filtered interphase heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) closure by systematically filtering the dataset from highly resolved three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics–discrete element model simulations. Particularly, effects of several potential filtered variable markers on filtered IHTC predictions are examined by statistical analysis. We reveal the formulated filtered IHTC correction closure manifests a systematic dependence on filtered interphase temperature difference as an additional marker. The proposed closure shows good agreement with the filtered fine-grid simulation data in an a priori analysis. Moreover, the difference of filtered IHTC corrections deduced from 3D Euler–Euler and Euler–Lagrange simulations is quantified. Finally, the comparative analysis between our proposed filtered IHTC formulation and those in literature is implemented. This work holds a potential to facilitate the development of thermal gas–solid flow modeling.     

工件气体淬火过程数值模拟

用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对工件气体淬火过程进行了数值模拟,在FLUENT平台上建立了真空高压气淬炉的三维非稳态模型,模拟了炉膛内流场和工件温度场的分布,模拟了圆柱形单工件淬火过程气体类型、气体压力和速度对冷却速度的影响,并模拟了多工件淬火冷却过程,预测了炉内不同位置处工件的冷却曲线。将模拟结果与实验结果相比较,两者基本吻合,为气体淬火工艺的优化提供了理论依据。     

Numerical modeling of in-flight characteristics of inconel 625 particles during high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spraying

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to predict particle dynamic behavior in a high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray gun in which premixed oxygen and propylene are burnt in a combustion chamber linked to a long, parallel-sided nozzle. The particle transport equations are solved in a Lagrangian manner and coupled with the two-dimensional, axisymmetric, steady state, chemically reacting, turbulent gas flow. Within the particle transport model, the total flow of the particle phase is modeled by tracking a small number of particles through the continuum gas flow, and each of these individual particles is tracked independently through the continuous phase. Three different combustion chamber designs were modeled, and the in-flight particle characteristics of Inconel were 625 studied. Results are presented to show the effect of process parameters, such as particle injection speed and location, total gas flow rate, fuel-to-oxygen gas ratio, and particle size on the particle dynamic behavior for a parallel-sided, 12 mm long combustion chamber. The results indicate that the momentum and heat transfer to particles are primarily influenced by total gas flow. The 12 mm long chamber can achieve an optimum performance for Inconel 625 powder particles ranging in diameter from 20 to 40 μm. At a particular spraying distance, an optimal size of particles is observed with respect to particle temperature. The effect of different combustion chamber dimensions on particle dynamics was also investigated. The results obtained for both a 22 mm long chamber and also one with a conical, converging design are compared with the baseline data for the 12 mm chamber.     

防雨帽对探空仪湿度测量影响的CFD研究

采用流体动力学方法研究了GL-5000P探空仪湿度传感器的防雨帽对湿度测量的影响.运用Pro/E对湿度测量系统结构进行建模,使用前处理软件ICEM对其进行网格划分,导入Fluent软件进行稳态和瞬态计算分析.模拟结果表明:GL-5000P防雨帽很好地防止了高空云雨滴对湿度传感器的影响,其兼具一定的防太阳辐射功能,但高空25 km以上防辐射能力减弱,甚至起相反作用;防雨帽厚度对太阳辐射误差影响较小,而其反射率影响则较显著;瞬态分析揭示了传感器表面的湿度场分布产生了时间滞后,且时间滞后常数随海拔高度的升高而增加,到27 km达到0.42 s.该研究为湿度垂直廓线的时间滞后修正提供了理论依据.     

催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT,以用户自定义函数(UDF)添加化学反应和反应热,对实验室带有陶瓷膜管分散器的催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫反应器进行模拟计算,得出反应床层不同部位的硫化物含量分布和温度分布状况。从反应床层的入口到出口,催化柴油的硫化物含量逐渐下降,且下降速度趋缓。在压力6.5 MPa、混氢量0.84%(m)、空速2 h~(-1)、进口温度633 K的条件下,位于床层高度0.15 m处出现最高温度点643.8 K,径向温差最大2.1 K,表明催化柴油管式液相加氢脱硫反应器催化剂装填合适的高径比为4~6。工艺条件的模拟结果表明:随着进口温度上升、混氢量增加、空速减小脱硫率提高,与实验数据吻合程度较好,说明模拟研究过程中采用的模型和控制方程准确性较高。     

超高速电梯气压控制系统的风口布局优化分析

超高速电梯在运行过程中,轿厢内气压的快速变化会对乘客的耳朵产生压耳感.为了减轻这种压耳感,有些超高速电梯内配备了气压控制系统,能够使电梯轿厢内的气压在运行过程中呈线性地变化,从而降低气压变化率,改善乘客的压耳感.但那些气压控制系统的风口布局方式会对乘客产生不舒适的吹风感.为了解决上述问题,提出了一种新的风口布局方式.为了验证其合理性,运用计算流体力学分析软件Fluent对气压控制过程中的增减压过程进行了数值仿真,并对不同送排风口的设置以及在不同的风口高度下,电梯轿厢内的风速场进行分析.仿真结果表明,采用非对称的风口布局方式在人体头部周围产生的风速较小,是一种较优的风口布局方式.     

A Python extension for the massively parallel multiphysics simulation framework waLBerla

We present a Python extension to the massively parallel HPC simulation toolkit waLBerla. waLBerla is a framework for stencil based algorithms operating on block-structured grids, with the main application field being fluid simulations in complex geometries using the lattice Boltzmann method. Careful performance engineering results in excellent node performance and good scalability to over 400,000 cores. To increase the usability and flexibility of the framework, a Python interface was developed. Python extensions are used at all stages of the simulation pipeline: they simplify and automate scenario setup, evaluation, and plotting. We show how our Python interface outperforms the existing text-file-based configuration mechanism, providing features like automatic nondimensionalization of physical quantities and handling of complex parameter dependencies. Furthermore, Python is used to process and evaluate results while the simulation is running, leading to smaller output files and the possibility to adjust parameters dependent on the current simulation state. C++ data structures are exported such that a seamless interfacing to other numerical Python libraries is possible. The expressive power of Python and the performance of C++ make development of efficient code with low time effort possible.     

带裙房建筑结构表面风压的数值模拟分析

针对目前《建筑结构荷载规范》无法给出体形复杂结构表面风压分布的缺点,基于计算流体力学与大气边界层理论,利用CFD数值模技术对带裙房的建筑结构表面风压分布进行了分析。研究结果表明,数值模拟得到的建筑结构迎风面体形系数与规范数据吻合较好;只有建筑物的迎风面处于正压区域,其余面均处于负压区。相关成果可为建筑物抗风设计提供可靠依据。