重铬酸盐法测定水质化学需氧量

在水样中加入已知量的重铬酸钾溶液,并在强酸介质下,经沸腾回流后,以试亚铁灵为指示剂,用硫酸亚铁铵滴定水样中未被还原的重铬酸钾,由消耗的硫酸亚铁铵的量换算成消耗氧的质量浓度。     

Calcium dosing for the simultaneous control of biomass retention and the enhancement of fermentative biohydrogen production in an innovative fixed-film bioreactor

Biohydrogen (bioH₂) production via dark fermentation is an attractive approach to overcome the drawbacks of conventional hydrogen production methods and represents a preliminary alternative for the management of organic wastes. Fundamental studies are still required to enhance the performance of bioH₂ production systems, with emphasis on the development of novel reactor configurations. The anaerobic structured-bed reactor (ASTBR) is a recently developed configuration with great potential for bioH₂ production, although operating strategies are still required to minimize biomass washout in such systems. In this context, calcium dosing has been investigated as a strategy to enhance both biomass retention and bioH₂ production rates in the ASTBR. The present study employed varying COD/calcium ratios (4423, 2079, 1357, 1012, 884, and 632) in continuous experiments under mesophilic conditions (25 °C). Calcium dosing effectively enhanced biomass retention within the ASTBR, directly increasing the availability of metabolic energy for different metabolic pathways rather than cell synthesis. An optimal COD/calcium ratio of 1360 was mathematically estimated for bioH₂ production, which is consistent with the results obtained experimentally. The specific organic loading rate (SOLR) was better controlled at this ratio, indicating the establishment of balanced conditions in terms of substrate availability and biomass concentration. Conversely, bioH₂ production was severely impaired at COD/calcium values below and above the optimal range, most likely due to enhancement of the homoacetogenic pathway as a result of unbalanced conditions in the SOLR. Furthermore, biomass accumulation did not strongly affect the mean residence time of the ASTBR, facilitating its robust and enhanced solid retention.     

新型连续流三维粒子电极反应器的设计及处理效能的研究

本项目在板框式反应器基础上设计制作出新型连续流三维粒子电极反应器,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载Sb掺杂SnO2平板电极及粒子电极;以杀稗净农药废水为研究对象,优化了粒子电极的催化反应参数。     

可见光催化耦合微生物一体化处理有机废水的研究

在可见光辐射条件下,采用光催化耦合微生物一体化工艺处理有机废水。比较了有机废水分别进行单独光催化实验、单独微生物实验及光催化耦合微生物实验的降解规律。结果表明:光催化耦合微生物实验对化学需氧量的去除率为81%,较单独光催化实验(15%)和单独微生物实验(63%)显著提高;催化剂的最佳质量为6 g。借助X-射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜表征,探寻了光催化耦合微生物的作用机理。     

应用超声消解快速检测COD方法的实验研究

提出快速检测水样化学需氧量(COD)的新方法 ,即在常温常压下利用超声消解(UASD)水样,并结合分光光度法(SP)或氧化还原电位法(ORP)检测水样COD。实验表明,UASD法消解水样的最佳时间在4 min左右;用标准邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液绘制工作曲线,采用UASD-SP法对污水样品的COD(经稀释COD500 mg/L)进行检测,测得的COD值与国标法测定值对比,准确度在-5.4%~-2.1%,实验精密度在0.42%~2.8%。实验证明了应用超声消解快速检测COD方法的可行性。     

高效COD降解菌强化石化废水处理的研究

针对难降解石化废水,以序批式运行方式考察了高效COD降解菌对常规污泥系统的强化效果。结果显示,向常规污泥系统中投加高效COD降解菌可加速生化系统启动,稳定运行后,其对石化废水的COD去除率较常规污泥系统高12%~14%。同时研究表明,当缩短停留时间或提高进水负荷时,经高效COD降解菌强化的污泥系统会表现出更强的稳定性和抗冲击性。     

煤化工聚甲醛污水电絮凝试验研究

针对聚甲醛污水中含有生化处理难降解的高浓度甲醛、三聚甲醛、二氧五环等污染物质,采用电化学法中的电絮凝技术开展小试试验研究,在不同的进水COD情况下,对涉及的关键变量如pH、加药量、电流、电压等因素进行调整和分析,最后依据实际处理效果,从技术、经济性角度对该方法进行了综合评判,并给出参考性建议。     

A/O工艺处理有机氯化工高盐碱性污水效果探讨

采用A/O工艺处理环氧氯丙烷高盐污水,在进水量为250m3/h、COD为600~800mg/L、BOD为300~400mg/L、CaCl2浓度≤10g/L、pH值6~11的条件下,出水COD≤100mg/L,COD去除率达90%以上。