基于GIS及耦合协调原理的长输管道山洪泥石流风险性评价

山洪泥石流是影响山区长输油气管道安全运营的主要地质灾害,开展长输油气管道山洪泥石流灾害风险评价有助于预防和减轻其所造成的损失。为此,以兰成渝长输油气管道广元段为例,基于耦合协调原理,将风险评价总系统分解为管体和自然环境2个子系统,前者包括埋深、夹角(管体与斜坡单元夹角)、壁厚、缺陷密度、位置(管体距斜坡单元距离)共5个指标,后者则包括坡向、坡度、高程、植被覆盖指数、年平均降水量、高差、地形剖面曲率、距断层距离、地质岩性等9个指标,利用熵权法确定了不同指标的权重,进而结合GIS技术构建系统耦合协调模型,确定了该区长输管道的风险等级。研究结果表明:①耦合协调度与风险度具有较好的一致性;②研究区南部区域管道的风险度和耦合度均偏高,该区的自然环境、地质构造和气候变化更易诱发山洪泥石流自然灾害;③管体子系统中的缺陷密度、自然环境子系统中的归一化植被指数(NDVI)分别占最大权重,广元段管道应加强管体损坏与植被变化监测。结论认为,该评价方法能迅速而准确地反映现场实际情况,可以较好地应用于管道风险评价。     

POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE AND RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT FOR MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES IN METROPOLITAN AREAS: THE CASE OF THE SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS,THE USA

Globally, accelerated urbanization has wrapped more and more mountain landscapes into metropolitan areas as water sources or residential and recreational spaces. Such mountain landscapes are usually governed by multiple agencies, which means that its sustainable development largely depends on the effectiveness of the collective actions among these agencies. This paper examines the case of the Santa Monica Mountains in California, the United States by analyzing relevant oral histories, acts and ordinances, study reports, planning documents, and GIS data to depict the whole picture of the evolution of its cooperative planning and management. It is found that the polycentric governance in the Santa Monica Mountains emerged as a response to the deterioration of natural resource and the increasing outdoor recreation needs against the backdrop of urbanization. The California State government developed coastal zone protection guidelines and established conservancies, while the federal government cooperated with local governments and communities by forming a national recreation area. These methods helped the governing agencies tactically cope with the real estate development, changing political climate, shrinking financial allocation, rising land prices, and conceptual shifts in environmental protection. This polycentric governance mode was also applied to other mountain areas in the vicinity to form a regionalscale resilient landscape. The authors argue that the case of the Santa Monica Mountains reveals how the polycentric governance works on strengthening landscape resilience, which shows an important reference for contemporary China.     

大兴安岭南东段银铅锌多金属矿床地质特征与找矿模型——以喇嘛罕矿床为例

重点查明了喇嘛罕Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床地质特征、成矿地质条件和控矿因素,采用多种地球物理扫面-测深技术,对矿化脉和预测区段进行精细的三维地球物理勘查,探测矿化地质体空间分布规律及其规模。总结出了该地区的成矿规律和地质找矿标志,建立了成矿模型和找矿勘查模型,对指导区域找矿具有重要的意义。并通过少量的地表和深部工程验证地球物理勘查的成果,对矿区的资源远景作出评价。     

太白山中新生代抬升的裂变径迹年代学研究

秦岭太白山14个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究表明,太白山体于白垩世晚期以来在100-80Ma和约40Ma分别发育有两期快速抬升事件。这与秦岭造山带于K2转入新的构造演化阶段,并在K2-E的演化阶段奠定了秦岭现今基本构造地貌骨架的推论相吻合。     

今日的尤卡山计划和多重屏障系统的新概念

主要论述了美国尤卡山项目的最新进展和比利时工程屏障研究的新进展。在尤卡山项目新进展方面介绍了尤卡山项目修改的近期计划,以及两个环境评价补充报告和两位民主党参议员参加2008年美国总统竞选时对尤卡山项目的态度。还介绍了比利时为加强高放废物地质处置的安全性而开发的多重屏障的新概念。     

晋中东山区河道治理初探

晋中东山地区河流因受地形地势的影响，一旦发生暴雨洪水，其破坏力极大，只有在通过科学的规划，合理的治理后，才能形成一个整体的防洪体系，本文从山区河道现状入手，对治理规划设计和治理实施进行了探讨。     

Multi-scale linkages between topographic attributes and vegetation indices in a mountainous landscape

This paper addresses a few issues that are fundamental for the understanding of vegetation-topography relations: scale dependency, seasonal variability, and importance of observing individual properties. Particularly, it uses two statistical tools - Pearson's r and Moran's I - to define relationships of several topographic attributes with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII), and their seasonal changes (from May to July and then September) in the Mediterranean-type landscape of the Santa Monica Mountains, California. The analyses are conducted at both the original data resolution and 20 aggregated resolutions, covering a total range of 30 m to 1500 m, so that topography-vegetation relationships can be compared at different scales. Large sample sizes have supported the significance of the following main findings for this landscape. First, elevation, slope, and southness are the most relevant primary topographic attributes among the tested attributes and their importance changes across seasons. Second, NDVI, NDII, and their seasonal variations have notably different relationships (including no relationship) with topography. Third, the observed topography-vegetation correlations (r) tend to change - typically increase - with the coarsening of spatial scale. Lastly, the spatial autocorrelation of vegetation variables and topographic attributes are often comparable, and the comparability is more apparent when topography-vegetation correlations are stronger. In all, the topography-NDVI/NDII relations defined in this paper may improve the understanding of the multi-scale and property-specific role that mountain topography plays in the formation and seasonal change of vegetation patterns.     

黔中白水河谷地区山地布依民居研究

黔中白水河谷地区布依聚落民居 建筑在其发展过程中形成了鲜明的地域特 色。研究旨在通过实地探勘、调查访谈、详 细测绘等方式,系统归纳该地区布依民居 建筑的特色。在分析聚落建筑的群体特征 的基础上,通过多处民居实例总结出布依 民居的基本形制,分析归纳其“上人下畜” 的竖向空间格局、“一正两侧”一字型的平 面布局、以石材为主的立面形式以及木屋架 承重的石木结构等4方面的特点。以基本形 制为基础,进一步考察布依民居形制发展 情况,分析总结其平面、立面以及屋架系统 的衍生体系。同时,还对建筑的细部与装饰 进行归纳。文章最后总结出布依民居建筑因 地制宜、就地取材、可扩展性强以及汲取外 来文化不断演化的特点,力求为传承山地 聚落、民居的人居智慧提供借鉴。     

重庆海绵城市建设中园林绿地LID设计策略探析

重庆是海绵城市建设试点中典型的山地城市,其山地条件增加了径流流量、流速、水质的控制难度,降雨条件增大了径流就地消纳和利用的难度,土壤条件增大了低影响开发工程设施的建造难度,针对上述地域性挑战提出山地海绵城市建设中园林绿地LID设计的主要应对策略,梳理出山地城市绿地的LID设计简要流程,探讨了公园绿地、广场绿地、道路绿地、居住绿地等主要类型在典型坡地条件下的LID设计方法,旨在为山地城市绿地的LID设计提供参考。