祁连山木里地区煤岩有机地球化学特征及生烃潜力

祁连山木里地区烃源岩研究程度低,导致该区天然气水合物藏的气源存在较大的争议。采集木里地区主要的含煤层系(中下侏罗统窑街组、上三叠统尕来得寺组、中石炭统羊虎沟组)煤样,在煤岩生烃潜力综合评价的基础上,对其饱和烃和芳烃生物标志化合物特征进行研究。木里地区3个层位的煤都为腐殖型煤：窑街组煤主体评价为差烃源岩(冬库煤矿为非烃源岩),具有一定的生烃潜力;而尕勒得寺组和羊虎沟组煤为非烃源岩。江仓煤矿、弧山煤矿窑街组煤岩还能生成少量煤成油。聚呼更煤矿、冬库煤矿窑街组的煤属于A型煤,形成于弱氧化性的浅水沼泽,有机质组成中陆源高等植物含量高;弧山煤矿、江仓煤矿窑街组煤和沙柳河剖面尕勒得寺组煤属于B型煤,主要形成于偏还原性的、有一定水深的滨湖地带,低等水生生物来源有机质对成煤有较大贡献;柯柯里乡羊虎沟组煤2种类型都有。     

塔里木盆地塔西南与库车山前带油气成藏差异性研究及勘探建议

近年来塔里木盆地库车山前带勘探获得巨大成功,推动塔西南山前带勘探掀起新的高潮。实际上,这2个山前带的油气来源、输导模式及控藏关键因素等具有一定差异,塔西南山前带深化勘探要充分重视本身的成藏特点。库车山前带以侏罗系煤系烃源岩供烃为主,三叠系为辅,早期大断裂直接沟通源储,以“斜T”型模式输导为主,高陡逆冲构造紧密叠合,整体控制油气分布,局部构造控制成藏。而塔西南山前带以石炭系-二叠系海相烃源岩供烃为主,侏罗系煤系烃源岩为辅,早期隐伏弯褶大断裂为输导通道,以“仰F”型模式输导为主,双向对冲弯褶构造独立控藏。总体上,塔西南山前带石炭系-二叠系烃源岩、早期隐伏大断裂及完整的弯褶构造圈闭发育区是有利的勘探方向。     

重庆山城传统景观研究

城市景观是历史文化名城物质形态和文化内涵的综合表现。文章阐述了山城重庆在成为直辖市的今天,其独特的城市传统景观风貌不仅有待于进一步挖掘、保护,而且迫切面临着再创造的问题。作者在分析重庆自然格局、城市形态及历史文化的基础上提出若干见解,以期为重庆山城景观风貌的建设提供参考和依据。     

The perception of causes of accidents in mountain sports: A study based on the experiences of victims

Each year, accidents involving mountain sports have many repercussions, including alarming public opinion and society. This study outlines the results of a qualitative study on the responses of 135 survivors of accidents that took place while mountaineering, climbing, downhill skiing and ski mountaineering, hiking, cross-country biking, and mountain racing. A content analysis was performed on the textual data obtained from the responses to an online survey. The identified causes were: environmental events, equipment, medical events, behavioral events, and time pressure, but they appear combined in different ways for the analyzed disciplines. Results show that for downhill skiing, direct causes of accidents were mainly behavioral: excessive speed, skiing errors, and fatigue. For ski mountaineering, direct causes were errors in decision-making and skiing. In mountaineering, precursors were unfavorable conditions, fatigue, lack of preparation, and skill errors. In climbing, difficulty is an omnipresent feature, but the precursors are mainly errors. Our results highlight the multi-causal nature of accidents that take place when practicing mountain sports. Finally, we examine the need to promote a mountain sports culture that highlights safety and injury prevention.     

今日的尤卡山计划和多重屏障系统的新概念

主要论述了美国尤卡山项目的最新进展和比利时工程屏障研究的新进展。在尤卡山项目新进展方面介绍了尤卡山项目修改的近期计划,以及两个环境评价补充报告和两位民主党参议员参加2008年美国总统竞选时对尤卡山项目的态度。还介绍了比利时为加强高放废物地质处置的安全性而开发的多重屏障的新概念。     

青海胜利沟地区滩间山群变质火山岩地球化学特征及其与成矿关系研究

胜利沟地区位于赛什腾山构造-岩浆岩带南西侧,区内主要出露有上奥陶统滩间山群变质火山岩。地球化学研究表明,火山岩为超基性-基性-中性系列,主要为准铝-低铝质岩类。碱度指数ALK（Na₂O+K₂O）为2.70%~10.73%。岩石分异指数（DI）普遍较低,稀土总量变化大,ΣREE为25.35×10^-6～446.11×10^-6,δEu为0.72~1.08,呈弱负铕异常至正异常,显示出火山弧玄武岩或过渡型洋脊玄武岩的特点。火山岩总体上显示偏钠质特点。在区域上偏钠质火山熔岩及其对应的火山碎屑岩为金矿最好的赋矿层位,显示了本区火山岩地层巨大的成矿潜力。     

城镇化进程中的文化多样性保护问题研究 ——甘肃五泉山古建筑群的文化多样性保护

自元朝至今,甘肃五泉山遗存了大量古建筑及古建筑群,其多元的宗教与儒文化、灵活的建筑布局、多样的建筑样式及建筑工艺等均是我国景观与古建筑领域不可多得的文化遗产。在现代城市化进程中做好建筑文化的多样性保护,将使得五泉山景观建筑在保持历史风貌的前提下得到更好的传承与发展。     

晋中东山区河道治理初探

晋中东山地区河流因受地形地势的影响，一旦发生暴雨洪水，其破坏力极大，只有在通过科学的规划，合理的治理后，才能形成一个整体的防洪体系，本文从山区河道现状入手，对治理规划设计和治理实施进行了探讨。     

Multi-scale linkages between topographic attributes and vegetation indices in a mountainous landscape

This paper addresses a few issues that are fundamental for the understanding of vegetation-topography relations: scale dependency, seasonal variability, and importance of observing individual properties. Particularly, it uses two statistical tools - Pearson's r and Moran's I - to define relationships of several topographic attributes with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII), and their seasonal changes (from May to July and then September) in the Mediterranean-type landscape of the Santa Monica Mountains, California. The analyses are conducted at both the original data resolution and 20 aggregated resolutions, covering a total range of 30 m to 1500 m, so that topography-vegetation relationships can be compared at different scales. Large sample sizes have supported the significance of the following main findings for this landscape. First, elevation, slope, and southness are the most relevant primary topographic attributes among the tested attributes and their importance changes across seasons. Second, NDVI, NDII, and their seasonal variations have notably different relationships (including no relationship) with topography. Third, the observed topography-vegetation correlations (r) tend to change - typically increase - with the coarsening of spatial scale. Lastly, the spatial autocorrelation of vegetation variables and topographic attributes are often comparable, and the comparability is more apparent when topography-vegetation correlations are stronger. In all, the topography-NDVI/NDII relations defined in this paper may improve the understanding of the multi-scale and property-specific role that mountain topography plays in the formation and seasonal change of vegetation patterns.     

辽宁东部山区生态退化分析及恢复措施

本文对辽宁省东部山区生态退化的主要形式--土壤侵蚀进行研究,分析不同土地利用类型上土壤的侵蚀状况.辽东山区的生态退化的最主要的问题是轻度和中度土壤侵蚀大面积发生,并有向强度侵蚀发展的趋势.辽宁东部山区的水土流失经历了漫长的历史过程,是多因素综合作用的结果,它直接导致土地退化,植被稀少且逆向演替.并在此基础上提出了,退化生态系统恢复的具体措施,对东部山区的生态修复具有一定的指导意义.