改进层次分析法在土石坝安全评价中的应用

对影响土石坝安全的基本事件进行系统分析和研究,开发土石坝安全评价数学模型。该模型直观地反映了各基本事件之间的关系,利用概率计算理论求解土石坝溃决概率,同时引用改进层次分析法,分析各基本事件对大坝溃决的影响程度,可较好地确定各基本事件的概率权重。以陆浑水库大坝为例进行安全评价,对数学模型进行验证,结果表明该模型的模拟计算结果与目前对大坝安全评价的结论较吻合。     

预裂爆破在龙华口坝肩石方开挖中的应用

龙华口水电站大坝是一座碾压混凝土大坝,左右坝肩边坡采用周边预裂深孔爆破,文中具体阐述了应用孔外微差及孔内延时爆破技术的具体情况。     

溪洛渡大坝混凝土特性及防裂措施

溪洛渡拱坝混凝土采用玄武岩粗骨料、灰岩细骨料,针对骨料特性,通过优化配合比、提高水泥要求以及外掺MgO等工程措施,有效地改善了混凝土的极限拉伸变形和自身体积变形,提高了混凝土的抗裂特性,保证了溪洛渡大坝混凝土的质量。     

Delayed influence of dam storage and discharge on the determination of seasonal proliferations of Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii in a regulated river system of the lower Nakdong River (South Korea)

This study presents the relationship between the dam hydrology and phytoplankton proliferations in a regulated river system in East Asia. A long-term ecological study reveals that multi-purpose dam regulation on river flow in the Nakdong River (South Korea) affects proliferating patterns of phytoplankton, especially during summer (June-August) and winter (December-next February) as Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, respectively, dominate each season by over 80%. Eutrophication was observed in the lower Nakdong River (South Korea) (mean+/-standard deviation: nitrate-N, 2.8+/-0.9 mg L(-1); phosphate-P, 40.3+/-31.3 microg L(-1); chlorophyll a, 45.2+/-84.9 microg L(-1); n=449), and the limnological characteristics responded to climatic variations such as monsoon and summer typhoons. The river basin experiences concentrated rainfall during the rainy season (June-September, over ca. 60% of total annual rainfall). Correlation and cross-correlation for time-delayed relationship revealed the hydrological environments (i.e., quantity of dam storage and discharge) had significantly negative relationship with the population dynamics of the two bloom-forming species for up to the next 2 years. S. hantzschii had clearer relationship with dam storage and discharge, which might be due to the seasonality exhibited by the species. The results support the necessity of "smart flow control" which may enable destruction of bloom formation by the two species with an adequate pulse of discharge generated by upstream dams in the far-east Asian river systems. This would increase the efficiency of water resource management system.     

强震作用下小湾拱坝横缝变形控制研究

在已有研究成果的基础上，以世界上第一高拱坝——292m高的小湾拱坝为工程背景，研究了横缝配筋的控制措施和高拱坝强震横缝变形控制的原则和分析方法，提出了考虑钢筋与坝体混凝土相互作用的横缝配筋三维动力非线性数值模型，对设计地震作用下的小湾拱坝进行了三维动力非线性分析，论证了该控制措施的有效性和可行性，并据此对小湾拱坝横缝配筋的布置进行了探讨，以期为高拱坝的强震控制提供有益的参考。     

地质雷达在水库防渗墙检测中的应用

水库堤坝中的防渗墙属于隐蔽型的重要水利工程,防渗墙的检测成为业主、施工和监理3方所关注的焦点,对其实施行之有效的检测至关重要.本文以南山水库为例,介绍地质雷达在防渗墙检测中的应用.     

Towards online monitoring of concrete dam displacement subject to time-varying environments: An improved sequential learning approach

Data-based models are widely applied in concrete dam health monitoring. However, most existing models are restricted to offline modeling, which cannot continuously track the displacement behavior with dynamic evolution patterns, especially in time-varying environments. In this paper, sequential learning is introduced to establish an online monitoring model for dam displacement behavior. This approach starts by considering the timeliness difference between old and new data using the forgetting mechanism, and a novel adaptive forgetting extreme learning machine (AF-ELM) is presented. A primary predictor based on AF-ELM is then formulated, which aims to sequentially learn the complex nonlinear relationship between dam displacement and main environmental factors. Considering the chaotic characteristics contained in the residual sequence of the primary predictor, a multi-scale residual-error correction (REC) strategy is devised based on divide-and-conquer scheme. Specifically, time-varying filter-based empirical mode decomposition is adopted to decompose the raw chaotic residual-error series into a set of subseries with more stationarity, which are further aggregated and reconstructed by fuzzy entropy theory and suitable approximation criterion. Finally, the corrected residual sequence is superimposed with the preliminary predictions from AF-ELM to generate the required modeling results. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified and assessed by taking a real concrete dam as an example and comparing prediction performance with state-of-the-art models. The results show that AF-ELM performs better in displacement prediction compared with benchmark models, and the multi-scale REC can effectively identify the valuable information within the residual sequence. The proposed online monitoring model can more closely track the dynamic variations of displacement data, which provides a fire-new solution for dam behavior prediction and analysis.     

包钢尾矿坝及周边土壤重金属复合污染特征

应用综合污染评价法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对包钢尾矿坝及周边的表层土壤中（0~20 cm）重金属元素铅、锌、铜、砷和铬单独与复合污染特征进行研究,定量测定了包钢尾矿坝的潜在生态风险程度、主要污染因子和潜在生态风险因子。结果表明：包钢尾矿坝及周边土壤受到不同程度的重金属污染,各重金属潜在生态风险参数由高至低顺序为Pb＞As＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn,Pb的潜在污染风险参数最高,是主要潜在生态风险因子,其次是As。     

清江隔河岩大坝表孔深孔闸门及坝体泄洪振动与控制研究

 通过原型观测试验获得了清江隔河岩大坝表孔、深孔闸门及坝体泄洪的实测数据。测试成果表明：在稳态工况下,表孔、深孔闸门运行平稳,大坝主体的振动很小。表孔闸门在3.3～7.0m开度时,出现了250 s左右的拍振现象,但不会影响表孔闸门的运行安全。深孔闸门在0.3～6.0m开度时,由于深孔闸门侧止水严重漏水,出现了强烈振动,应当引起足够重视。     

碾压砼施工技术在高摩赞大坝中的应用

本文阐述了碾压砼筑坝施工技术的概念,及国内外碾压砼坝的发展情况,详细介绍了高摩赞大坝砼运输及入仓方式、碾压砼分仓、碾压砼大坝施工方法和碾压砼施工注意事项,通过高摩赞碾压砼大坝施工分析,体现出了碾压砼施工在降低成本、机械化程度高等方面的优点,得出了值得广泛推广和应用的结论．