中国油田堵水技术综述

本文论述了我国油田堵水技术的发展及其在油田开发中的作用,总结和阐述了油井化学堵水技术和注水井吸水剖面调整技术的原理和效益,指明了实践证实的有成效的工艺方法和堵水技术发展方向。     

Changes in the dielectric relaxations of water in epoxy resin as a function of the extent of water ingress in carbon fibre composites

Dielectric relaxation measurements are reported over a frequency range from 10⁻¹ to 10⁹ Hz as a function of exposure time for an epoxy resin-carbon fibre composite, ageing at 60 °C in water. Investigation of the nature of the dipole relaxation of the water molecules, indicates the nature of their interaction with the polymer matrix. Analysis of the dielectric relaxation spectra allow identification of processes that can be attributed to ‘free’ and ‘bonded’ water, water in micro-cracking, located in carbon fibre disbonds and plasticizing the polymer matrix. Identification of the various types of location in which water exists was aided by use of the N_g factor from the Kirkwood-Frölich equation, which describes the constraints on free dipole ration nature imposed by the environment in which it is located. These data indicate the power of the dielectric technique for quantitative analysis of water ingress into epoxy composites.     

岳飞《满江红》爱国情结的当代审视

岳飞《满江红》词在中国诗歌史上享誉千古,其豪迈壮烈的艺术张力和悲壮的魅力,震撼并感染了无数国人,铸就了一代代中华儿女的爱国情怀。作为爱国诗篇,其爱国情结与忠君理念相伴共生,今天我们对之作当代审视和解读,应突破狭隘的爱国范畴,将其升华为中华复兴的精神动力。     

MODELING WATER LOSS DURING FRYING OF POTATO STRIPS: EFFECT OF SOLUTE IMPREGNATION

The effect of solute impregnation on water loss and oil uptake during potato strip frying was studied. Blanched potato strips were impregnated at 25°C by soaking in a solution of sucrose-NaCl-water, 20-5-75% by weight. After rinsing and air drying, strips were deep fried in sunflower oil at 160, 170 and 180°C. A control treatment, consisting of potato strips blanched but not soaked and later air dried was also conducted. Solute impregnation provided a decrease of the oil uptake. Two models, based on Fick's law were used to describe water loss during frying. The first one is the classic model with an effective moisture diffusion coefficient assumed a constant value. The second model considers that diffusion coefficient varies during the frying process. For a given frying temperature, constant diffusion coefficient for control potatoes resulted in lower values than the impregnated ones. The variable diffusivity model showed a two-stage behavior: during the first stage of frying, diffusion coefficient increased with frying temperatures, but from a given time on an inverse behavior began. This last fact was found to be related to an increase of the measured peak force needed to penetrate the potato crust.     

Oil Spill Cleanup from Sea Water by Sorbent Materials

Three sorbents were compared in order to determine their potential for oil spill cleanup. Polypropylene nonwoven web, rice hull, and bagasse with two different particle sizes were evaluated in terms of oil sorption capacities and oil recovery efficiencies. Polypropylene can sorb almost 7 to 9 times its weight from different oils. Bagasse, 18 to 45 mesh size, follows polypropylene as the second sorbent in oil spill cleanup. Bagasse, 14 to 18 mesh size, and rice hull have comparable oil sorption capacities, which are lower than those of the two former sorbents. It was found that oil viscosity plays an important role in oil sorption by sorbents. All adsorbents used in this work could remove the oil from the surface of the water preferentially.     

注高温热水管线缓蚀,阻垢实验研究

针对辽河油田高凝油区块注高温热水(85—95℃)引起的腐蚀、结垢,开展了室内和现场缓蚀、阻垢试验;分析了不同温度下注水的腐蚀情况,对比、考察了不同的缓蚀剂、阻垢剂及其复配物,得出了如下认识:在注高温热水条件下直接采用常温下使用的防腐蚀、防垢方法是不可行的,必须有针对性地进行高温条件下防腐蚀、防垢的实验研究工作。     

提高连铸浊环水水质浅析

介绍了太钢板坯连铸水处理系统的工艺流程，分析了连铸浊环水水质存在的问题。通过对冷却塔部分、铁皮坑、水泵调速等改造，以及选用新的水质稳定剂，使水质明显好转。     

The thermodynamic performance of a new solution cycle in double absorption heat transformer using water/lithium bromide as the working fluids

In this paper, a new solution cycle in the double absorption heat transformer is presented and the thermodynamic performance of this new cycle is simulated based on the thermodynamic properties of aqueous solution of lithium bromide. The results show that this new cycle is superior to the cycle being studied by some researchers. This new solution cycle has a wider range of operation in which the system maintains the high value of COP and has larger temperature lifts and operation stability. The relationship between the absorber and the absorbing evaporator is more independent and this makes the operation and control of the system more easier.     

鹰嘴岩隧道软弱破碎岩体的开挖与施工

渫水皂市水利枢纽左岸上坝公路鹰嘴岩隧道围岩主要为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类围岩，地质条件复杂，成洞条件差。在隧道施工中，遵循“短进尺，弱爆破、少扰动、早支护”的原则，及时进行监控量测，采取有效的加固措施，取得了良好效果，确保了工程进度与安全。     

Aluminium content of Spanish infant formula

Levels of aluminium in 82 different infant formulae from nine different manufacturers in Spain were determined by acid-microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The influence of aluminium content in tap water in reconstituted powder formulae was examined and an estimate was made of the theoretical toxic aluminium intake in comparison with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Possible interactions between aluminium and certain essential trace elements added to infant formulations have been studied according to the type or main protein-based infant formula. In general, the infant formulae contained a higher aluminium content than that found in human milk, especially in the case of soya, preterm or hydrolysed casein-based formulae. Standard formulae gave lower aluminium intakes amounting to about 4% PTWI. Specialized and preterm formulae resulted in a moderate intake (11-12 and 8-10% PTWI, respectively) and soya formulae contributed the highest intake (15% PTWI). Aluminium exposure from drinking water used for powder formula reconstitution was not considered a potential risk. In accordance with the present state of knowledge about aluminium toxicity, it seems prudent to call for continued efforts to standardize routine quality control and reduce aluminium levels in infant formula as well as to keep the aluminium concentration under 300 μg l^-1 for all infant formulae, most specifically those formulae for premature and low birth neonates.