钻井液侵入对储层电性物性影响实验研究

在正压差钻井过程中,钻井液中的固相颗粒和液相不可避免地侵入地层,改变井筒附近储层流体分布的原始状态,并可能导致地层损害。目前吐哈油田在钻井过程中广泛使用屏蔽式暂堵技术,即在钻井液中加入各种充填颗粒,在近井壁带形成一个防止滤液侵入的暂堵带或屏蔽环,从而达到保护储层的目的,但这种钻井液侵入油层后引起的电性,物性变化以及泥浆侵入深度和地层损害程度等关系一直是悬而未决的问题。     

复合多孔介质流动特性的模型分析

本文针对壁面开槽复合多孔介质强化传热的实验条件 ,将整个流动区域划分为多孔介质填充区和纵向微槽区两个区域 ,通过数值计算分析了这种复合多孔介质结构的流动特性 ,考察了微槽宽度、深度等有关因素的影响 ,得到了与实验相一致的结果。     

返回舱水上冲击特性的试验研究与理论计算

本文通过相似缩比模型的撞水试验,得到了返加舱水上降落时的冲击载荷与入水深度,并用理论分析的方法对返回舱的水上冲击特性进行了计算,证实了理论预报的可行性。     

RELATIONSHIP AMONG EVAPORATION FLUX OF GROUNDWATER, DEPTH OF WATER TABLE AND NEGATIVE PRESSURE HEAD IN BARE SOIL

1.　 INTRODUCTIONThe crisis of water resources is a global problem.Compared with other countries,Chi-na relatively falls shortof water resources.The amount of water resources per capita is justone fourth as the world average value. The distribution of water resources is outof balance.81 % ofthe water resources is concentrated in the reach of the Yangtse River and the south-ern areas of China,while only1 9% is in the areas of the north to the Yangtse River,inwhich the population is4 5.3%…     

铸轧铝板带铸轧区内液穴深度变化规律的探讨

推导了双辊式连续铸轧铝板带生产工艺中铸轧区内液体金属凝固时,凝固层厚度随时间变化的函数关系;铸造区内液穴深度与铸轧辊面线速度、铸轧辊直径、铸轧区长度、铸轧板厚度、供料嘴出口液体金属温度之间的函数关系。通过计算得出液穴深度与铸轧辊面线速度、铸轧区长度、铸轧板厚度、供料嘴出口液体金属温度之间的变化规律,并与现场生产中实际情况相对照,表明符合现场实际情况。     

The study of minor elements and shielding gas on penetration in TIG welding of type 304 stainless steel

The effects of minor elements and shielding gas on the penetration of TIG welding in type 304 stainless steel have been studied. The bead-on-plate test was performed, then the depth and width of the weld were measured using an optical projection machine. The arc voltage was measured with an arc data monitor. In addition, the metallurgical characteristics of weld were examined using OM and SEM. The results show that oxygen and sulfur are beneficial in increasing a depth/width ratio because of the increased surface tension/temperature gradient. Elements, such as aluminum, that have a deleterious effect on the depth/width ratio will combine with oxygen and reduce the soluble oxygen content in the weld pool. On the other hand, silicon and phosphorus have a minor effect on the depth/width ratio. Shielding gas using Ar + 1% O₂ or Ar + 5% H₂ can significantly promote the depth/width ratio. The former contains increased soluble oxygen content in the weld pool, and the latter produces an arc that is hotter than that produced by pure argon.     

气体渗碳CAD软件的试验验证

用20CrMnTi和20CrMo钢制的试样,根据渗碳层深度分别为1．2mm和1．4mm的齿轮的技术要求,在装备有气体渗碳动态碳势控制CAD软件的渗碳炉上分别进行了试验,对模拟结果进行了验证,证实了该软件功能强劲、控制准确。其表面碳浓度（质量分数）偏差＜0．05％;渗层内的碳浓度梯度曲线平滑,呈“S”平台分布;渗层深度为1．2mm和1．4mm时,渗层深度的偏差＜0．05mm。用该软件设计的渗碳工艺与实际检测结果能很好地吻合。     

Effects of temperature and current density on the surface hardness and tribological properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by molten salt carburization

Surface hardening of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was achieved by carburization in a molten salt bath containing BaCO₃ as the carbon-yielding agent with electrolysis within the temperature range 790–930°C. The hardness of the total carburizing layer (TCD) is influenced by the bath temperature, the applied current density and the carburizing period. The major hardening effect is considered to be the formation of a solid solution of carbon in -Ti. The oxide film wrapping at the outermost surface of cathodically charged specimens, identified to be mainly BaTiO₃, was formed irrespective of the bath temperature during the quenching process and has no effect on the surface hardening. The optimal carburizing parameters obtained in this study for surface hardening are carburizing at 930±10°C (bath temperature) and 0.3 A/Cm² (applied current density) for 90 min (carburizing period), while those for tribological properties improvement are carburizing at 860±5°C and 0.3 A/Cm² for 90 min.     

异形坯连铸结晶器内三维流场的数值模拟

根据湍流理论及异形坯连铸的特点, 建立了异形坯结晶器三维流场数学模型, 对不同条件下的流场进行了数值模拟, 分析了水口结构和工艺参数变化时异形坯结晶器内涡心深度的变化规律及液面湍动能的分布状态. 结果表明 采用上倾式水口, 水口夹角为120°, 拉速为0.9m/s时, 结晶器内流场分布较为合理, 液面较稳定. 模拟结果与水模实验结果吻合较好. 该模型可对连铸过程进行离线分析, 确定最佳参数, 并可作为在线控制模型的基础.     

Oxidation behavior of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel with prior tempering at different temperatures

The oxidation behavior of a normalized 2.25Cr-1Mo steel tempered previously for 10 hr at different temperatures between 873 and 1023 K has been studied up to a maximum duration of 1000 hr in air at 773–973 K. The oxidation resistance of the steel was found to decrease significantly with the temperature of tempering. Tempering of this steel is reported to cause microstructural changes involving precipitation of Cr as carbides and a decrease in the effective (free) Cr contents, that could influence the oxidation resistance of the Cr-containing alloys. Relative compositions across the thickness of the oxide scales, as analyzed by SEM/EDX and SIMS, suggest that a less Cr-rich (and less protective) and thicker scale on the steel formed because previous tempering caused extensive depletion of free Cr.