固体酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的研究

以苯酐和正丁醇为原料,用自制的SO4^2-/SiO2、SO4^2-/Fe2O3、SO4^2-/SnO2及固体铁系为催化剂,催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）,分别考察固体酸催化剂的种类、固体酸催化剂的用量、醇酐摩尔比和反应时间等因素对合成DBP产率的影响。试验结果表明,其中SO42-/SnO2催化剂催化活性高。在苯酐0.1 mol（14.8 g）、固体酸催化剂m（SO4^2-/SnO2）/n（苯酐）为16（g/mol）、醇酐摩尔比2.5、带水剂二甲苯200[mL/mol（苯酐）]、反应时间4.0 h的条件下,其产率达94.0%以上,寿命长、可多次重复使用、产物易纯化分离、且产品色泽浅等优点,可望代替传统浓硫酸作催化剂应用于DBP的合成。     

Hydrodehalogenation of 2,4-dibromophenol by electrochemical reduction

The electrochemical hydrodehalogenation (HDH) of 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) has been carried out by electrochemical reduction in H-cells and solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) cells using catalysed cathodes. The electrochemical process gave high conversions of up to 95%, high selectivities of up to 98%, high current efficiencies of up to 98.5% and energy consumption as low as 2.2 kW h (kg DBP)^–1. The type of the catalyst plays a decisive role in the efficiency of the HDH of DBP, with palladium being an attractive material. The effect of current density, DBP concentration, supporting electrolyte and temperature, on the HDH is reported.     

Biosynthesis of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) from red alga--Bangia atropurpurea

The contents of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) of red alga, Bangia atropurpurea, filaments cultured in artificial sea water medium were similar to those cultured in natural sea water medium. In the culture experiment, B. atropurpurea filaments were found to synthesize de novo phthalate esters. Additionally, DEHP and DBP contents in different species of algae grown in the same environment were different significantly, suggesting that it was due to the intrinsic nature of algae.     

磁性多孔尖晶石铁氧体制备及催化臭氧性能

为了提高臭氧氧化水中难降解有机物性能,采用溶胶–凝胶法合成了磁性多孔尖晶石铁氧体NiFe2O4和MnFe2O4.通过SEM、XRD、VSM和XPS对其性能进行表征,对催化剂不同存在条件下催化臭氧降解水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的效果、催化臭氧化机理及催化剂的稳定性进行了探讨.结果表明:两种催化剂均为磁性、多孔状、尖晶石结构铁氧体,NiFe2O4和MnFe2O4对催化臭氧化DBP具有良好的强化能力,比单独臭氧化体系对DBP去除率可分别提高54%和47%,NiFe2O4催化臭氧化能力强于MnFe2O4.两种催化剂催化臭氧降解DBP的反应均遵循羟基自由基机理,反应过程中水中金属离子溶出均低于0.06 mg/L,结构稳定,易于回收处理.     

基于示波法的血压测量新方法

血压是反映人体生理状况的最重要指标之一,血压测量的准确性对疾病诊断,临床医疗具有重要的意义。为了提高电子血压计血压测量的准确性,采用基于幅度系数法和波形特征法的综合改进方法．通过将二者结合起来应用,在比较宽松的幅值范围内寻找突变点,从而获得收缩压和舒张压。经过大量的测试,新方法能可靠作为收缩压和舒张压的判据,具有工程实现的可行性和面对不同个体的普遍适用性。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定葡萄酒中邻苯二甲酸 二丁酯含量的不确定度评定

依据GB/T 21911-2008《食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定》,采用正己烷提取、气相色谱-质谱法测定酒中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。参照JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度的评定与表示》,以测定红酒中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DBP为例,对整个过程中不确定度的来源进行了分析,结果表明：气相色谱-质谱法测定红酒中DBP过程中的扩展不确定为0.01135 mg/kg。     

Highlighting the base zone effect on the compression and recovery properties of the rugs with innovating Double-Base Persian rug

This paper investigates the compression and recovery properties of the rugs by highlighting the base zone effect. To fulfill this purpose, a new type of rug named Double-Base Persian Rug was prepared. In the new rug, the warping was done such that we have two sets of warp sheets (back base and front base warp yarns). So that, a gap between these two bases were created that could be filled with various types of fillers. A total of seven rug samples; a conventional Persian rug as the base of comparison and six new types of rug samples were produced. Then, the compression and recovery properties of the rug samples were investigated by static loading test. Generally, the results indicated that the rug base structure and the inherent characteristics of the materials used in the rug base as a filler positive affect the rug compression and recovery properties.     

一种新的对角回归神经网络快速学习算法

提出一种新的动态对角回归神经网络学习算法－局部动态误差反传算法（LDBP），该算法定义了一种新的局部均方差函数，并为回归单元建立一种新的学习结构。如果估计出各层的期望输出值，多层回归网络便可分解成一组自适应单元（Adaline），而每个单元可通过二次优化方法进行训练。采用可在有限步人找出全局最优解的共轭梯度法（CG）进行寻优。由于学习过程采用超线性搜索，大大减少了循环步数和计算时间。     

Predicting disinfection by-product formation potential in water

Formation of regulated and non-regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) is an issue at both potable water and wastewater treatment plants (W/WWTPs). Water samples from W/WWTPs across the USA were collected and DBP formation potentials (DBPFPs) in the presence of free chlorine and chloramine were obtained for trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA), haloacetonitrile (HAN), and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). With nearly 200 samples covering a range of dissolved organic carbon (0.6-23 mg/L), ultraviolet absorbance (0.01-0.48 cm⁻¹ at 254 nm wavelength), and bromide (0-1.0 mg/L) levels, power function models were developed to predict the carbonaceous DBP (C-DBP) and nitrogenous DBP (N-DBP) precursors spanning 3 orders of magnitudes. The predicted THM and HAA formation potentials fitted well with the measured data (analytical variance of less than 22%). Inclusion of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) into the HANFP model improved the predictions. NDMAFP was the most difficult one to predict based upon the selected water quality parameters, perhaps suggesting that bulk measurements such as DOC or UVA₂₅₄ were not appropriate for tracking NDMAFP. These are the first such DBPFP models for wastewater systems, and among the few models that consider both C-DBPs and N-DBPs formation potentials from the same water sources.     

一种硫酸根离子选择电极的研制

以季铵盐(氯化2,3,4-三(十二烷基)苯甲基三甲基铵)为电活性物质,以邻苯二甲酸二丁脂(DBP)为增塑剂,对-三氟乙酰苯甲羧基己基醚为添加剂,制作的PVC膜硫酸根离子选择性电极.实验结果表明,电极对硫酸根离子具有选择性好,响应性快,稳定性好的特点,其线性响应范围为1×10-1~1×10-5mol/L,适宜的pH值为1.5~5。