四川盆地老气田二次开发优化技术及应用

经过近60年的开发,四川盆地的许多老气田已进入低压、低产的开发中后期,部分气田虽然已濒临废弃,但其中仍尚存较多剩余天然气资源未采出。通过梳理分析,认为具备二次开发条件的气田多存在地层水活跃形成水封难以解封、低渗透储量难动用等问题。为此,从老气田二次开发的定义出发,全面阐述了其技术路线及优选条件:(1)在建立缝洞系统多储渗体模式的基础上,采用压力重整曲线进行地质模型正演、生产动态反演特征曲线诊断,提出了复杂岩溶缝洞系统多储渗体识别及定量描述方法,结合U型管气水赋存新模式,形成了强水侵多缝洞系统天然气储量计算新技术;(2)建立孔、洞、缝三重介质数值模型,形成强水侵底水缝洞气藏"水平井排水+直井采气"排采井网模拟及效果评价新技术;(3)依托精细气藏描述形成的配套集成技术,重构气藏地质模型,分类评价气藏低渗透储量,结合井网优化、水平井地质导向、分段酸化压裂等工艺技术,进一步提高有效动用率;(4)建立多节点、多环节输气管网模型,形成区域性管网整体模拟优化及预测技术。实施效果表明,该二次开发技术在老气田产能建设、提高老气田采收率、延缓老气田产量递减、稳定老气田产量等方面均具有明显成效。     

塔里木盆地志留系热液碎屑岩储层:证据、矿物组合及油气地质意义

根据岩心观察、扫描电镜、能谱分析、显微薄片观察及流体包裹体测温显示的岩石宏观与微观特征、矿物组合、自生矿物形成温度等,认为塔里木盆地存在热液碎屑岩储层.热液碎屑岩岩石学证据主要体现在塔中地区中1井志留系柯坪塔格组碎屑岩中发育的基性侵入岩夹层、热液角砾岩、热炙烤现象及热液溶蚀孔洞等;在塔里木盆地中部的塔中地区和顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组可识别出3种热液矿物组合.综合前人研究成果,认为热液的侵入主要发生于二叠纪,造成储集岩孔隙流体离子环境紊乱,溶解作用的发生促进了次生孔隙发育,并沉淀了热液矿物,总体上改善了碎屑岩储层,是塔里木盆地柯坪塔格组碎屑岩储层不可忽视的影响因素.热液侵入对已形成的古油藏产生破坏作用,并在志留系沥青砂岩生成过程中产生重要作用.     

四川盆地剑阁地区多层系储层叠前描述

近期龙岗62井长兴组及剑门102井须家河组须三段获得重大突破,证实长兴组生物礁储层及须家河组碎屑岩储层均具有较大的勘探潜力。通过对研究区资料特征进行分析对比,在攻关中采用了纵横波阻抗叠前同时反演、体曲率属性、瞬时振幅属性等针对性技术,准确地刻画了生物礁台缘发育相带,预测了碎屑岩裂缝发育和油气有利聚集区,为研究区下一步井位部署提供了准确的资料基础,并形成了一套有效的技术流程。     

Ecological effects of river regulation on mammals and birds: A review

Although most of the world's river systems are regulated, the effects of river regulation on mammals and birds are little known. In fact, speculations are more common than empirical data. A review of this topic is presented, emphasizing northern rivers where most impacts have been described. Effects are related to the major causes of change. It is concluded that the two most disastrous effects of river regulation on mammals and birds are the permanent inundation of vast areas of land, and the disruption of the seasonal flood regime along the river. The design of future investigations to improve our knowledge is considered.     

渤海湾盆地喜马拉雅运动幕次划分及演化特征

从构造运动的一致性入手,运用构造运动与沉积环境、火山喷发之间的关系,综合各油田对所在坳陷或凹陷的认识,提出渤海湾盆地喜马拉雅运动划分为侯镇幕、济阳幕、东营幕、渤海幕的新观点.指出其在四大沉积期内存在孔二段、沙河街组四-三段、沙河街组一段-东营组三套烃源岩,相比而言沙河街组四-三段的烃源岩分布范围大生烃能力强,整体上具有沉降中心由南向北和由西向东迁移的沉积演化特征.     

刚果盆地钾盐矿床沉积特征及成因探讨

刚果盆地是低纬度重要的成盐盆地,主要由白垩系、新近系和第四系组成。含盐地层赋存于白垩纪地层中部,其下伏陆相碎屑岩沉积,上覆海相碎屑—碳酸盐岩沉积。盐层包括5种沉积层序,盐类矿物析出顺序是:硬石膏—石盐—光卤石—水氯镁石—溢晶石。研究区钾盐矿和石盐矿共生,钾盐矿层有20层,累计平均厚度259.61m,KCl品位大于15%。矿石类型主要为光卤石型,次为钾石盐型。矿石为滨海—泻湖相沉积蒸发岩,其沉积与大西洋裂谷的演化发展密切相关,是白垩纪裂谷发育期间,由初始浓缩沉积的富含卤化物海水运移至次级盆地进一步蒸发沉积形成。     

Accounting for surface–groundwater interactions and their uncertainty in river and groundwater models: A case study in the Namoi River,Australia

Surface–groundwater (SW–GW) interactions constitute a critical proportion of the surface and groundwater balance especially during dry conditions. Conjunctive management of surface and groundwater requires an explicit account of the exchange flux between surface and groundwater when modelling the two systems. This paper presents a case study in the predominantly gaining Boggabri–Narrabri reach of the Namoi River located in eastern Australia. The first component of the study uses the Upper Namoi numerical groundwater model to demonstrate the importance of incorporating SW–GW interactions into river management models. The second component demonstrates the advantages of incorporating groundwater processes in the Namoi River model.Results of the numerical groundwater modelling component highlighted the contrasting groundwater dynamics close to, and away from the Namoi River where lower declines were noted in a near-field well due to water replenishment sourced from river depletion. The contribution of pumping activities to river depletion was highlighted in the results of the uncertainty analysis, which showed that the SW–GW exchange flux is the most sensitive to pumping rate during dry conditions. The uncertainty analysis also showed that after a drought period, the 95% prediction interval becomes larger than the simulated flux, which implies an increasing probability of losing river conditions. The future prospect of a gaining Boggabri–Narrabri reach turning into losing was confirmed with a hypothetical extended drought scenario during which persistent expansion of groundwater pumping was assumed. The river modelling component showed that accounting for SW–GW interactions improved the predictions of low flows, and resulted in a more realistic calibration of the Namoi River model.Incorporating SW–GW interactions into river models allows explicit representation of groundwater processes that provides a mechanism to account for the impacts of additional aquifer stresses that may be introduced beyond the calibration period of the river model. Conventional river models that neglect the effects of such future stresses suffer from the phenomenon of non-stationarity and hence have inferior low flow predictions past the calibration period of the river model. The collective knowledge acquired from the two modelling exercises conducted in this study leads to a better understanding of SW–GW interactions in the Namoi River thus leading to improved water management especially during low flow conditions.     

黄河三门峡大坝工程现实风险规避刍议

After three ups and downs during the planning and designing stage, the project of the Yellow River Sanmenxia Dam finally completed in 1960. After two times reconstructions and three times change of its operation mode, the dam realizes the working mode of “storing clear water and draining sand-containing water”. On the basis of the lessons learned from the Dam, the paper proposes the idea that an unique ecosystem and living environment have been formed in the middle and lower valley of Yellow River. Sanmenxia dam cannot be abandoned or blowed up. To construct an ecological system in Yellow River is an effective measure to avoid the risk of Sanmenxia Dam.     

USGS Streamflow Data and Modeling Sand-Bed Rivers

United States Geological Survey streamflow data are commonly used for hydraulic model calibration and boundary conditions. The transitory nature of sand-bed rivers’ bathymetry is problematic for the traditional automated stream gauging methods used by the USGS. This note seeks to assess the limitations of streamflow measurements for use in hydraulic models. An overview of USGS rating-curve development and use is presented with a focus on the specific challenges of sand-bed rivers. Measurements from three consecutive USGS gauges for a storm event on the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, New Mexico, illustrate the outlined problems with rating curves. These gauges are utilized to study the impact of uncertainty in rating-curve discharges on hydraulic model results. A one dimensional hydraulic model of the study reach indicates up to 25% reduction in the calculated flow depth if questionable rating-curve discharges are used as model input. Recommendations for using USGS streamflow data in hydraulic models are outlined.     

安徽省长江基本建设项目验收程序分析

介绍了长江基本建设项目验收程序和方法,分析了验收中的遗留问题.