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91.
Evolution of chemistry and morphology during the carbonization and combustion of rice husk 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tzong-Horng Liou 《Carbon》2004,42(4):785-794
Both fine carbon/silica and pure silica powders can be obtained by carbonization and combustion of rice husk under non-isothermal conditions, and the products can be used for preparation of high-quality ceramic materials. Studies on the morphology, chemical and physical characteristics of products were carried out by N2-adsorptionmeter, SEM, XRD, FTIR, ICP-MS and EA. Results indicate that decreasing the heating rate increased the specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter. At a heating rate of 5 °C/min, the specific surface areas of both the carbon/silica and pure silica powders were 261 and 235 m2/g, and the average pore diameters were 2.2 and 5.4 nm, respectively. The products obtained from various heating rates were all amorphous. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to study the reaction characteristics during carbonization or combustion, indicating that decomposition process of rice husk could be divided into three temperature zones. This results of the study can also provide the important information on the recovery of biomass material from rice husk. 相似文献
92.
D. Miceli F. Arena A. Parmaliana M. S. Scurrell V. Sokolovskii 《Catalysis Letters》1993,18(3):283-288
Precipitated silica catalysts loaded with either MoO3 (0.2–4.0 wt%) or V2O5 (0.2–5.3 wt%) have been studied in the selective partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde with molecular oxygen at 520 °C. The functionality of the SiO2 surface towards the formation of HCHO is significantly promoted by V2O5, while it is depressed by the MoO3. 相似文献
93.
A. Braig 《Progress in Organic Coatings》1997,34(1-4)
Amine and transition metal based complexes with 4-methyl-γ-oxo-benzene-butanoic acid represent a new class of corrosion inhibitors specifically designed for long-term corrosion protection in waterborne coatings. Today, corrosion protection in waterborne technology is typically achieved using traditional anticorrosive pigments initially developed for use in solventborne coatings. Regulations concerning heavy metals and limitations regarding the compatibility and performance of such materials in waterborne coatings have created a need for novel approaches. Mechanistic aspects are discussed for the 4-methyl-γ-oxo-benzene-butanoic complexes based on electrochemical solution experiments (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV)) and investigations performed on coated substrates. Exposure results underline the high efficiency of such complexes for both long-term corrosion protection and weld seam rust control in waterborne coatings. 相似文献
94.
This paper discusses several important issues in a molecular dynamics simulation for analysing carbon nanotubes and their mechanical properties. In particular, the paper addresses the problems in selecting appropriate inter-atomic potentials, number of thermostat atoms, thermostat techniques, time and displacement steps and number of relaxation steps to reach the dynamic equilibrium. Based on these, the structural changes of armchair and zigzag nanotubes and their mechanical properties are investigated. The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the armchair tube are 3.96 and 0.15 TPa, respectively, and those of the zigzag tube are 4.88 and 0.19 TPa, respectively. The best simulation technique identified in this study predicts that the ultimate tensile strain of a carbon nanotube is around 40% before atomic bond breakage. 相似文献
95.
Granular S, finely-ground S, iron sulphate and aluminium sulphate were added at two rates to the surface (0–6 cm) of a soil and acidification and leaching of nutrients were measured over 12 months in a laboratory study. Iron and aluminium sulphate both rapidly lowered soil pH in the top 0–6 cm of the soil. There was little difference in soil pH after 3 and 12 months reaction of these two amendments. In contrast, for granular S and finely-ground S there were clear decreases in soil pH between 3 and 12 months reaction with the soil. Finely-ground S was oxidized in the soil faster than granular S and therefore had a more acidifying effect. The top 0–6 cm of the soil was acidified by all the agents used but the deeper soil was less affected. The only treatments which lowered the pH of the 12–18 cm layer below pH 6 were the high rates of iron and aluminium sulphate. Soil acidification resulted in a decrease in exchangeable Ca, Mg and K, an increase in exchangeable Al and a decrease in effective CEC in the acidified soil layers.At both levels of addition, total ionic strength of percolates from the soil followed the order: aluminium sulphate = iron sulphate > finely gound S > granular S > control and was higher at the higher rate of addition. The pH values of percolates followed the order: control > granular S > finely ground S > iron sulphate = aluminium sulphate and were lower at the higher rate of addition. For the amended soils there was a very close relationship between the pattern and total amounts of SO
4
2-
and Ca2+ leached.It was concluded that granular S is not an effective acidifying agent since it is oxidized very slowly in the soil and that acidfying agents should be incorporated to the depth that acidification is required. 相似文献
96.
Co–BaCO3 catalysts exhibited high catalytic performance for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) using CO2 as oxidant. The maximal formation rate of C2H4 was 0.264 mmol · min−1 · (g · cat.)−1 (48.0% C2H6 conversion, 92.2% C2H4 selectivity, 44.3% C2H4 yield) on 7 wt% Co–BaCO3 catalyst at 650 °C and 6000 ml. (g · cat.)−1. h−1. Co–BaCO3 catalysts were comparatively characterized by XRF, N2 isotherm adsorption-desorption, XRD, H2-TPR and LRs. It was found that Co4+–O species were active sites on these catalysts in ODE with CO2. The redox cycle of Co–O species played an important role on the catalytic performance of Co–BaCO3 catalysts. On the other hand, the co-operation of BaCO3 and BaCoO3 was considered to be one of possible reasons for the high catalytic activity of these catalysts. 相似文献
97.
98.
Martel Zeldin Eric Granger Wilmer K. Fife 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers》1993,3(2):141-154
New silane monomers with the pendant 4-(3-pyridine)butyl group have been synthesized by hydrosilation of 3-(3-butenyl)pyridine with Me
n
Si(OEt)3-n
H (n=0, 1) using a platinum catalyst. Only -addition products were observed. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared,1H- and13C-NMR spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis-polycondensation of the difunctional monomer with a basic catalyst, Me4NOH, gave a mixture of cyclic oligomers, principally cyclic tetramer, and linear homopolymer. Under similar reaction conditions, the trifunctional monomer gave crosslinked material which was soluble in common organic solvents. The linear homopolymer and crosslinked polymer were trimethylsilyl end-blocked with hexamethyldisilazane. The cyclic and end-blocked polymers were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. Molecular weights of the polymers were obtained by end-group analysis using1H-NMR spectral data, size exclusion chromatography, and direct insertion-probe mass spectrometry. The cyclic, linear, and crosslinked materials were N-oxidized withm-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The polymeric N-oxide derivatives were shown to be effective transacylation catalysts in the synthesis of mixed carboxylic acid anhydrides in immiscible solvents (H2O/CH2Cl2) under phase-transfer conditions. The implications of the results on the mechanism of catalysis are discussed. 相似文献
99.
Isotopic transient techniques were applied to study oxidative coupling of methane over lanthanum oxide and strontium promoted La2O3 catalysts. Results of the18O2/16O2 isotopic exchange experiments indicate that Sr promotion increases oxygen uptake from the lattice of the catalyst. Oxygen self diffusion coefficients, which were determined for the series of lanthana catalysts, reach a maximum for the 1% Sr/La2O3. Steps of18O2 in the presence of a steady flow of methane over Sr/La2O3 catalysts, indicate that surface and bulk oxygen appear in the reaction products before gas-phase18O2. Steps of CO2 over catalysts in which lattice oxygen has been exchanged with18O2, show that gas/solid exchange involves over 50% of the lattice oxygen. Under reaction conditions, methane pulses with no gas-phase oxygen yield negligible amounts of products which indicates that methane interacts with lattice oxygen only in the presence of the gas-phase oxygen. 相似文献
100.