First genetically verified occurrence of Ligula pavlovskii outside its native range and characteristics of its infection in Neogobius fluviatilis

In this study, we provide the first genetically verified distribution record beyond its native range of Ligula pavlovskii, a high-impact endoparasite of Ponto-Caspian gobies. According to parasitological surveys, ligulosis was detected for the first time in monkey goby individuals collected from Lake Balaton in 2004, 34 years after the first record of monkey goby in the lake. During a Lake Balaton survey in 2018, we detected tapeworms in 44.4% of the sampled monkey gobies. This prevalence is about two to ten times higher than it was reported from within the native range of the fish hosts. The same survey revealed an uneven spatial distribution of the ligulosis in the monkey gobies inhabiting different shoreline sections of the lake. We assume that the occurrence and recent distribution data of this high-impact endoparasite may provide useful information for potential biocontrol measures of invasive Ponto-Caspian gobies in the future.     

森林植被改善对鄱阳湖流域径流和输沙过程的影响

以河流基流为切入点,研究流域植被调节径流、水土保持等微观作用影响大中型河流湖泊径流过程和水沙过程宏观效应的机理。鄱阳湖流域60年来天然降水没有发生趋势性变化。流域森林覆盖率由34.73%上升到63.00%,植被质量改善,赣江等入湖河流基流增加83 m~3/s,河流输沙量减少。2000年以后和2000年以前相比较,枯水期降水径流系数增大,年流量过程平坦化,一定程度上减小洪灾风险,有利于水资源利用和生态环境保护。2001年以后进入鄱阳湖泥沙平均每年减少1 007×10~4t;出湖泥沙增加314×10~4t。因此,鄱阳湖入江水道由淤积转变为冲刷,但出湖流量过程没有趋势性变化。     

两种溃坝模型在唐家山堰塞湖溃决模拟中的对比

基于唐家山堰塞坝溃决的实测数据,使用BREACH模型及中国水科院DB-IWHR模型,对唐家山堰塞坝溃决过程进行了反演分析,并对两种模型进行参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明:使用针对唐家山的参数,两种模型均可较好地反演唐家山溃决洪水的过程,BREACH模型的下游坡比和孔隙率是对结果影响比较敏感的输入参数;DB-IWHR模型在冲刷参数和下游水深计算两方面做了改善,较好地解决了这一问题;DB-IWHR提供了一个Excel格式的计算软件,数值分析稳定性好,使用简洁客观,可供类似堰塞湖应急处置时参考。     

CO2驱油及其地震监测技术的国内外研究现状

CO₂ 驱油是通过注气井将液态 CO₂ 注入到地下储层,进而驱替油气到生产井的一项特殊采油技术,它不仅能提高采收率,而且还可以封存 CO₂,减少碳排放,对环境保护和油田生产具有双重效益。 结合课题研究,在文献调研的基础上,阐述了 CO₂ 驱油技术的基本原理,总结了 CO₂ 驱油技术的国内外发展现状,对 CO₂ 驱油关键技术进行了分析,并重点对时移地震、井间地震、微地震、VSP 及 AVO 等 CO₂ 驱油地震监测技术进行了讨论,为 CO₂ 驱油技术的应用提供了依据。     

长江城陵矶—螺山河段水位高及原因分析

长江城螺河段水位８０年代以来较５０－６０年代明显抬高，一般估水位抬高，１．２０－１．５０m，高水位抬高0.50-0.76m，城陵矶水位在受到顶托时抬高可达1.80m以上，本文依据40年来荆江及洞庭湖间水量，沙量等实测资料对这一问题进行了全面分析，分析结果表明，发生这种变化的原因主要是下荆江裁弯后中速了三口的萎缩，江湖关系与下荆江出口河势发生变化所致，这一分析成果可为制定长江防洪规划提供科学依据。     

东钱湖底泥环境特征与疏浚方案

在目前以环境和生态治理为目的的底泥疏浚工程中尚无相应的技术标准和规范为指南的情况下,以宁波东钱湖水环境综合整治可行性研究成果为基础,制定了东钱湖底泥环保疏浚方案。详细阐述了该方案涉及的主要内容:底泥污染特性及污染状况分析,疏浚平面范围、疏浚深度及疏浚工程规模的确定,疏浚底泥处置及余水处理等。     

Initial appraisal of water quality of Lake Santa Ana,Mexico

Lake Santa Ana is located in the Mexican central plateau, a semiarid region characterized by low rainfall and high evaporation rates. Because of the area's climatic conditions, most of its few existing lakes and reservoirs are ephemeral, with significantly reduced surface areas during the dry season. Mexican authorities currently pay little or no attention to these special aquatic ecosystems. As a consequence, several of these waterbodies are severely degraded in regard to both water quantity and quality. As a result, this report describes Lake Santa Ana as a case study. Several water quality parameters, including physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal concentrations, were measured at eight sampling sites in the lake, and four sites in the lake basin, in 2005. Some dissolved ions were also analysed in 2007 in the lake, and in a well located close to the lake, in order to evaluate possible interactions between groundwater and surface waters. These study results indicate that the lake does not have significant interactions with groundwater in the local aquifer. Most of the measured water quality parameters do not meet the international suggested standards for inland surface waters to sustain aquatic life, and preserve the habitat for both endemic and migratory waterfowl. Loss of aquatic habitats puts at risk the value of the central portion of Mexico as a migratory route for North American waterfowl species.     

Mitigating cyanobacterial blooms: how effective are ‘effective microorganisms’?

This study examined the effects of ‘Effective Microorganisms (EM)’ on the growth of cyanobacteria, and their ability to terminate cyanobacterial blooms. The EM was tested in the form of ‘mudballs’ or ‘Bokashi‐balls’, and as a suspension (EM‐A) in laboratory experiments. No growth inhibition was observed for a laboratory strain of Microcystis aeruginosa and for M. aeruginosa from the field at the recommended dosage of 1 EM‐mudball per square‐metre (≈0.1–0.3 g L^?1). Cyanobacteria were inhibited only at very high concentrations (5–10 g L^?1 cyanobacteria), and a bloom was reduced, being attributed to the high amount of clay and high water turbidity. For these high dosage treatments, the dissolved oxygen concentration dropped initially to very low levels, with longer incubation indicating that nutrients were released from the material. The EM‐A suspension appeared ineffective in hampering cyanobacterial growths at recommended usage concentrations. EM‐mudballs released phosphate (160 μg P g^?1) and metals (aluminium, copper, traces of lead and lanthanum). The results of this study did not support the hypothesis that EM are effective in preventing cyanobacterial proliferation or in terminating blooms, thereby suggesting lake restoration by ‘Effective Microorganisms’ is not a convincing eutrophication control option.     

太湖流域1：50000水利基础电子地图数据库建设

为扩大太湖流域空间数据库数据的覆盖范围,提高数据完整性,太湖流域管理局组织在原有1：250000水利基础电子地图的基础上开展1：50000水利基础电子地图数据库的建设。介绍太湖流域1：50000水利基础电子地图数据库建设的背景及资料收集的情况,描述水利基础电子地图数据库建库的流程。针对建设成果的复核,以河流图层为例介绍图形和属性数据复核的方法,并为满足成果展示的需求,提出河流分级的几点原则,以期为下一步开展流域水利普查和防汛抗旱、水资源管理工作提供基础数据。     

空间信息技术在堰塞湖应急处置中的应用

主要介绍了汶川地震中唐家山堰塞湖应急处置过程中空间信息技术的具体应用。通过收集堰塞湖发生及处置全过程中所获取的有关基础地理信息、航空航天遥感影像、地质、水文气象、资源环境、人口社会经济以及应急决策等各类数据,并对上述数据进行处理,以使相同类型的数据能在统一的格式下进行组织、存储并进行有效的数据库管理。利用Web Services、空间数据库等技术建立数据库管理信息系统,实现基于网络的各类数据的查询检索和分析功能。该数据库的建设,可为今后类似应急处置提供快速、准确和直观的基础信息和经验指导。