3-甲硫基-1-丙醇的合成研究

研究了以 3 氯 1 丙醇和甲硫醇钠为原料 ,在相转移催化剂四甲基溴化铵的作用下 ,在 0℃下反应 1h ,然后升温至 30℃ ,并在此温度下反应 0 .5h ,合成了 3 甲硫基 1 丙醇 ,并用气相色谱、红外光谱和气质联用对其结构进行了确定。该方法工艺简单 ,条件温和 ,反应时间短 ,易于工业化 ,环境污染少 ,也适应于合成其他甲硫基化合物。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘对染料敏化太阳电池的影响

采用季铵化反应合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘([Bmim]I).以此制备了DSCs用液体电解质.通过对比不同浓度的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘、碘化钾、碘,研究其对电池性能的影响.经过优化后,当cIL=0.9 mol.L-1、cKI=0.5 mol.L-1、cI2=0.12 mol.L-1时,所组装的离子液体DSCs在AM1.5,100 mW.cm-2下,DSCs的短路电流密度为15.97 mA.cm-2、开路电压为0.71 V、填充因子为0.55、光电转换效率可达6.34%.     

Reducing N losses (NH3, N2o, N2) and immobilization from slurry through optimized application techniques

In model, pot and field trials the effect of C reduced slurries and different application techniques on N losses and N immobilization were investigated. The C reduced slurries were produced by mechanical separation. Ammonia losses from surface-applied and injected cattle slurry were measured under field conditions using a wind tunnel system. Injection of slurry was the most efficient way to reduce volatilization of ammonia. After 6 days the total loss from the injected slurry was only 9% of that from surface band application. Furthermore, additional losses of N may occur through denitrification, specially after injection of slurry which may create an anaerobic environment abundant in readily oxidizable C. Therefore denitrification measurements by the acetylene inhibition technique were conducted. Until 100 days after application the loss from the injected slurry was 7.3 kg compared to 4.5 kg N ha^–1 from surface band applied slurry. After injection, denitrification was only 4.1 kg N ha^–1 for C reduced compared to 6.5 kg N ha^–1 for normal slurry. In pot trials the ammonium-¹⁵N of normal slurry and C-reduced slurry was utilized by oats between 52 and 60%, the ammonium sulfate by 67%. The increased biomass C confirmed a greater immobilization of the NH₄-N of the normal slurry resulting in a lower initial efficiency.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. A. Amberger on his 75th birthday     

γ-射线辐照对芳纶纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

本文研究了γ-射线辐照处理对三维编织芳纶纤维增强铸型尼龙(简称K3D／MCPA)复合材料力学性能的影响。研究表明，经γ线处理的芳纶纤维，表面氧含量有所提高，纤维表面活性增大；纤维经表面处理后的弯曲强度、弯曲模量及剪切强度均比未处理的高，但冲击强度较低。     

铌酸锂铁电薄膜的制备与表征

采用柠檬酸盐法制备铌酸锂铁电薄膜。探讨了柠檬酸（CA）和乙二醇（EG）的用量、pH和水浴温度等工艺参数对溶胶性能的影响。采用XRD和TG—DTA研究了铌酸锂（LiNbO3）晶相的形成过程，用XRD和AFM对所制得薄膜的物相组成和表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明，当前驱体溶胶的pH为7．5，水浴温度大于80℃，n（CA）：n（Li＋Nb）=3：1，n（CA）：n（EG）=1：2时，可以获得稳定性好的溶胶。薄膜经缓慢升温至800℃热处理，可以获得单相、表面光滑、晶粒大小均匀、晶粒大小为70nm的LiNbO3铁电薄膜。     

Study of the physico–chemical characteristics and rheological behaviour of boehmite dispersions for dip-coating applications

Dispersions of a totally dispersible AlOOH powder have been studied. The effect of the initial composition has been studied to outline the reactions that determine the final rheological behaviour of the dispersions. The final viscosity and viscoelastic properties of the dispersions are determined by the sol–gel phenomena occurring during the ageing treatment. Gel formation is favoured by low water and high acid contents, while it is disfavoured by prolonged stirring. Gelling time from 48 h to 4 months has been observed depending on the initial composition.     

New liquid membrane technology for simultaneous extraction and stripping of copper(II) from wastewater

In this paper, a new liquid membrane technique, hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM), is presented, which is based on the surface renewal theory, and integrates the advantages of fiber membrane extraction, liquid film permeation and other liquid membrane processes. The results from the system of CuSO₄+D2EHPA in kerosene+HCl show that the HFRLM process is very stable. The liquid membrane is renewed constantly during the process, the direct contact of organic droplets and aqueous phase provides large mass transfer area. These effects can significantly reduce the mass transfer resistance in the lumen side. Then the mixture of feed phase and organic phase flowing through the lumen side gives a higher mass transfer rate than that of stripping phase and organic phase, because the aqueous layer diffusion of feed phase is the rate-controlling step. The overall mass transfer coefficient increases with increasing flow rates and D2EHPA concentration in the organic phase, and with decreasing initial copper concentration in the feed phase. The overall mass transfer coefficient also increases with increasing pH in the feed phase, and reaches a maximum value at pH of 4.44, then decreases. Also, there is a favorable w/o volume ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 for this process. Compared with hollow fiber supported liquid membrane and hollow fiber membrane extraction processes, HFRLM process has a high mass transfer rate. Mathematical model for the HFRLM process based on the surface renewal theory is developed. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results under the conditions studied.     

Influence of metal oxides on the catalytic behavior of Au/Al2O3 for the selective reduction of NOx by hydrocarbons

The reduction of NO by propene in the presence of excess oxygen over mechanical mixtures of Au/Al₂O₃ with a bulk oxide has been investigated. The oxides studied were: Co₃O₄, Mn₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, CuO, Fe₂O₃, NiO, CeO₂, SnO₂, ZnO and V₂O₅. Under lean C₃H₆-SCR conditions, these oxides (with the exception of SnO₂) convert selectively NO to NO₂. When mechanically mixed with Au/Al₂O₃, the Mn₂O₃ and Co₃O₄ oxides and, to a much greater extent, CeO₂ act synergistically with this catalyst greatly enhancing its SCR performance. It was found that their synergistic action is not straightforwardly related to their activity for NO oxidation to NO₂. The exhibited catalytic synergy may be due to the operation of either remote control or a bifunctional mechanism. In the later case, the key intermediate must be a short-lived compound and not the NO₂ molecule in gas-phase.     

双模板法CeO2/g-C3N4形貌结构特征及湿式催化性能

利用微波辅助双模板法、软模板法制备了一系列的CeO₂/g-C₃N₄复合催化材料,通过XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、XPS、SEM和TEM等方式对材料进行表征,并对其湿式催化性能进行研究。结果表明,双模板法制备的D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料表现出立方相CeO₂和层叠g-C₃N₄的特征,比表面积和孔径较大,属于介孔结构,表面存在Ce^₃₊和Ce^₄₊,有利于氧空位的形成。加入1 g嵌段共聚物 F127,使用无水乙醇溶液为溶剂,调节混合液呈碱性,微波辐射反应120 min后得到的D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5)样品,结构完整均匀,具有最佳形貌特征。控制反应温度75 ℃,D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5)投加0.7 g,H₂O₂投加 0.5 mL,初始pH值为5时,100 mg/L的苯酚溶液COD去除率可达80%以上。 D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5) 复合催化材料使用五次以后仍可达60%以上的催化降解效果。     

Sulfur deactivation and regeneration of Pt/BaO/Al2O3 and Pt/SrO/Al2O3 NO x storage catalysts

Transient experiments were performed to study sulfur deactivation and regeneration of Pt/BaO/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SrO/Al₂O₃ NO _x storage catalysts. It was found that the strontium-based catalysts are more easily regenerated than the barium-based catalysts and that a higher fraction of the NO _x storage sites are regenerated when H₂ is used in combination with CO₂ compared to H₂ only.