三峡库区蓄水对含沙水体水质的影响分析

根据三峡库区蓄水前后监测的水文、水质及泥沙资料,分析水文、水质、泥沙等指标的变化情况。对蓄水前后泥沙的变化引起的水质变化进行讨论。结果表明:蓄水后由于泥沙大量淤积,库区含沙量显著减小,引起相应的浑样污染物浓度明显减小.水库运行过程中应充分重视泥沙对水环境的影响。     

三峡水库次洪期间降雨特征对洪水过程的影响

揭示降雨特征与洪水的内在关联对提高预报精度、优化水库调度和制定有效措施至关重要。为深化认识三峡水库次洪期间降雨特征对洪水过程的非线性响应关系,本研究利用2003—2020年三峡入库寸滩站流量及流域降雨数据,综合运用数理统计、K-means聚类和随机森林模型,分析了降雨特征与洪水过程之间的相互作用。研究发现：基于降雨驱动的洪水分类方法识别出寸滩以上流域具有5类降雨类型及其对应的洪水过程,该方法能有效区分洪水总量、洪峰流量及涨落历时,适用于资料匮乏的流域。降雨量级和基底流量是三峡入库洪水主要影响因素,贡献率分别占48.45%和36.25%,降雨时程差异和空间分布的影响较小。基底流量是洪水总量和洪峰流量的共同关键因素,贡献率在20%～43%之间,降雨变化对洪水总量和洪峰流量的贡献率并不一致。本研究增进了对流域降雨特征及洪水形成机制的理解,为长江上游及类似地区防洪减灾提供科学依据。     

Integration of mud gas isotope logging (MGIL) with field appraisal at Horn Mountain Field, deepwater Gulf of Mexico

Prior applications of gas isotopic data to reservoir studies have often suggested that measured differences of a few per mil in gases sampled between wells indicated hydrocarbon compartmentalization concomitant with poor reservoir communication. These conclusions were generally invoked without adequate consultation and integration of geological and engineering well data, and only revealed to be true in the simplest of circumstances where pressure data clearly suggested the same. Not surprisingly, gas isotope data has yet to find widespread production engineering applications as a convincing tool for reservoir formation evaluation. This situation is unlikely to change due to the prohibitive drilling economics of acquiring adequate quantities of physical gas samples from down-hole tools in every zone of interest across multiple wells in a field. Recent application of a new technique, mud gas isotope logging (MGIL), has shown comparable isotopic data to traditional gas samples collected from down-hole tools while providing the petroleum systems analyst with the necessary large datasets needed to make accurate and confident reservoir evaluations. Many additional benefits of MGIL to formation evaluation have also been recognized, and it is envisaged MGIL possesses the potential to develop as a standard protocol on drilling wells.This paper documents the first published application of MGIL in the context of complete field-scale reservoir integration and production appraisal encompassing 18 well penetrations over a 3-yr drilling program. Case data from the Horn Mountain Field (Gulf of Mexico) are used to demonstrate this technology and its impact to field assessment and appraisal. Initial well data and two 3-D seismic surveys were used to assess reservoir continuity and compartmentalization across the field. Subtle pressure and gas-to-oil ratio (GOR) differences from eight appraisal wells suggested that the main economic M-Sand may be divided into at least two compartments, however the data could not be unambiguously relied upon in itself. MGIL data provided the strongest evidence in confirming the existence of two ‘baffled’ field compartments. Significantly for subsequent development wells, MGIL data were able to accurately discern and allocate compartments in wells without reliable wireline or absent MDT pressure data. MGIL data also recognized the significance of geological features such as a shale-filled channel visible on amplitude maps, and inferred to serve in concert with faults as a baffled flow barrier. Data such as these may have important implications for reservoir energy and pressure support during production. The impact of hydrocarbon stratification attributed to geological reservoir structural features and/or hydrocarbon phase geochemical density characteristics are also examined.Interpretation of the Horn Mountain MGIL data, in addition to characterizing and verifying oil/gas shows, was also successful in providing essential data on highlighting all penetrated pay zones, deconvolving multiple pure biogenic and mixed biogenic/thermogenic zones, identifying stratigraphic trapping seals and providing detailed petroleum system evaluation.     

Dynamic fuzzy criterion model for reservoir operations and a case study

Reservoir operation is a special inventory problem under conditions of uncertain supply and controlled demand. In this paper, we will restrict our attention to reservoir operations. In many cases, the problem which the reservoir manager is concerned with is not to maximize the direct economic benefit, but to operate the reservoir system as normally as possible, i.e., to fulfill the requirement for water demand, recreation, fishing, generating electricity, and ecology, etc., and to avoid flooding, as much as possible. This paper presents a dynamic fuzzy criterion model (DFCM) for reservoir operations. In DFCM, a satisfactory degree function is adopted as a criterion function. The objective is to let the reservoir system be in the highest possible satisfactory state. This model is available to the reservoir system whose parameters are fuzzy or whose economical benefits are very difficult to measure. We obtain the existence, uniqueness, and stability theorems to the equation of DFCM, and prove that the optimal release policy for a reservoir is a bounded critical number policy. Finally, the application of DFCM in Qinhuangdao region water resource system is discussed.     

严重非均质油藏岩石物理相研究

岩石物理相是近几年提出和迅速发展的一种储层评价理论和方法,它强调从储层形成机制的角度去深入研究储层,从储层沉积形成,本文以胡状集油田严重非均质油藏储层预测模型的建立为例说明了该方法的应用情况。     

塔里木盆地西南地区储集层特征及评价

通过对塔西南野外露头区和盆地内主要含油层系的储集层特征研究及评价,认为塔西南储集层的岩石类型可分为碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩两大类,储集岩具有多种类型的孔隙,但以次生孔隙为主.成岩作用及成岩后生作用是控制本区储集层发育的主要因素.裂缝的存在对碳酸盐岩储集性能的改善起着决定性的作用.     

福州山仔水库富营养化和微囊藻毒素污染水平初步调查分析

目的:调查福州山仔水库的富营养化状况和微囊藻毒素污染水平。方法:采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法对山仔水库水源地的微囊藻毒素进行为期一年的监测,同时测定与水体富营养化相关的水质指标。结果:表明2007年山仔水库在春末和夏、秋季检出了3种微囊藻毒(MC-YR、MC-RR、MC-LR),以MC-YR为主。山仔水库水体的营养状况为中营养到富营养化水平。夏季是藻毒素污染的高峰时段,其浓度与水库环境条件及水质的营养水平有密切的关系。     

禹门口提水东扩工程西梁水库工程地质特征

西梁水库位于山西省浍河的支流上,是一座小型水库,始建于20世纪50年代,由于年久失修,溢洪道及输水涵洞皆已废弃。为了使水库在禹门口提水东扩工程发挥更安全作用及经济效益,需要对水库除险加固、对大坝加高培厚。文中分析了坝址,溢洪道、输水洞的工程地质条件,进行了工程地质评价,此外还对坝体质量进行了评价。     

沙河集水库大坝右岸滑坡体稳定性分析

对沙河集水库大坝右岸滑坡体稳定性的分析具有重要意义。分析表明：滑坡体的稳定程度不仅未达到规范的要求，而且某些情况下尚存着失稳的可能。建议对滑坡体采取加固措施。     

汾河兰村—义棠段洪水演进过程模拟与不同保护目标下生态需水量分析

针对汾河中下游河道特点,基于水流连续方程及运动方程,建立了一维洪水演进模型,利用该水力学模型对汾河兰村—义棠段洪水进行了数值模拟,并结合生态指标,分析了该河段生态需水量。结果表明,流量过程计算值与实测值吻合较好,以河道不断流为生态流量指标,获得汾河河道不断流的生态需水量为5 m3/s,对汾河水库生态调度和河道治理有一定的参考价值。