The role of benchmarking for yardstick competition

With the increasing interest in yardstick regulation, there is a need to understand the most appropriate method for realigning tariffs at the outset. Benchmarking is the tool used for such realignment and is therefore a necessary first-step in the implementation of yardstick competition. A number of concerns have been raised about the application of benchmarking, making some practitioners reluctant to move towards yardstick based regimes. We assess five of the key concerns often discussed and find that, in general, these are not as great as perceived. The assessment is based on economic principles and experiences with applying benchmarking to regulated sectors, e.g. in the electricity and water industries in the UK, The Netherlands, Austria and Germany in recent years. The aim is to demonstrate that clarity on the role of benchmarking reduces the concern about its application in different regulatory regimes. We find that benchmarking can be used in regulatory settlements, although the range of possible benchmarking approaches that are appropriate will be small for any individual regulatory question. Benchmarking is feasible as total cost measures and environmental factors are better defined in practice than is commonly appreciated and collusion is unlikely to occur in environments with more than 2 or 3 firms (where shareholders have a role in monitoring and rewarding performance). Furthermore, any concern about companies under-recovering costs is a matter to be determined through the regulatory settlement and does not affect the case for using benchmarking as part of that settlement.     

立体车库二次调节提升系统的节能特性与转速控制

介绍了立体车库二次调节静液传动提升系统的工作原理、特点和节能特性，并进行了转速控制的试验研究，得出了应用二次调节技术能够回收和重新利用系统的制动动能和重力势能，减小系统装机容量。     

厦门市筼筜湖城市防汛排涝现状及其对策

本文通过分析筼筜湖的自然概况、防汛排涝系统设施及实际运行等资料,提出进一步提高筼筜湖防汛排涝能力的对策。     

金沙江防洪(库容)规划的探讨

在分析长江灾害洪水特征的基础上，全面深入地研究了全沙江水库的防洪库客、防洪目标、防洪特点和调度原则，并对防洪库容的作用进行了估算和分析。从多方面比较了虎跳峡高坝方案与低坝方案，结果表明：高坝方案的效益明显高于低坝方案，而两者所需付出的代价相差不大。     

VSR调节技术在煤气加压机上的应用及分析

叙述了VSR(The Variable Spin Regulator）调节技术在南钢气体供应公司成功应用的实例。实际运行证明，VSR调节技术具有调节灵敏、抗喘、节能、软启动等方面的技术优势。文中还简明地阐述了VSR调节技术的原理并分析比较了液偶及变频调节。     

ETR Ⅱ-30调速器液压控制系统

ETRⅠ-30调速器是瑞士爱舍维斯工厂生产的具有PID调节规律的电液调速器。本文对其液压控制系统作了较详细的介绍,供有关人员参考。     

流程离心泵变频调速的实践与探讨

探讨了变频调速在流程离心泵上应用的可行性，同时阐述了变频调速器功率的确定及其使用效果。     

H9000系统在西北电网水调自动化系统工程中的应用

西北电网水调自动化系统主要用于自动采集管理西北电网分布在三大水系的8个水电厂、相关流域内100个水文站、200个雨量站的实时信息，以便实现水库群跨流域补偿，统一协调发电与防洪、排沙、防凌、灌溉等一系列矛盾，解决水库群综合利用问题．系统主要具有上。下特点：（1）开放的系统环境；（2）高可乘性；（3）多样化的数据规约；（4）开放的人机联系手段；（5）务性能的数据库；（6）丰富的水调应用软件．其中水调应用软件包括：（1）汉江上游石泉、安康梯级联合洪水预报；（2）黄河上游龙羊峡、李家峡、刘家峡两库三站短期（日）调度；（3）水务综合统计分析软件．西北水调自动化系统将使H9000系统在大规模网络关系数据库管理技术、高级图形处理技术、复杂网络组网技术、容措技术、水调高级应用软件技术等方面提高到一个更高的水平．     

实行全面质量管理 做好江口水电站工程设计

江口水电站是芙蓉江干流开发中的骨干工程。为认真履行江口工程的设计合同，确保优质、高效地完成江口工程的各项设计工作，长江委设计院实行全面质量管理，建立了一套规范化的统计管理程序，制订详细的设计计划，落实江口工程项目各级责任人的质量责任制，采取特殊技术措施，对工程设计过程中的各项质量活动进行全过程的管理，使江口工程在满足质量标准、合同进度的情况下，工程投资最省。