球团回转窑建模与仿真的研究进展

摘要：回转窑是一种高温处理物料的热工设备,充分了解回转窑内发生的物理与化学变化对生产具有指导意义,而人眼观察或利用仪器等方式难以探查窑内情况。为掌握回转窑内处理物料的情况并提高生产效率,国内外利用建模与仿真的方法模拟回转窑结构、窑内热场、物料运动。现有模拟已经涉及到了回转窑整体、窑壁、耐火材料、烟气、燃料、火焰、物料等,并利用建模与仿真结果研究了回转窑结构参数及生产参数对部分现象的影响。根据窑内不同区域,综述了回转窑建模与仿真的进展,汇总了建模与仿真的方法与过程及部分参数对回转窑生产的影响。回顾与分析现有的回转窑建模与仿真成果,有助于优化回转窑设备结构的设计及回转窑生产。     

基于DSM与QFD技术的设计联合矩阵及其决策流程

在大型复杂设计活动中，由于缺少系统化的交流机制来保障设计过程中设计信息的及时、准确地传递，产生设计冲突，进而导致整个设计在时间上的拖延。本文以此为出发点，提出了解决上述冲突的基于DSM与QFD技术的集成设计联合矩阵及其决策流程；支持企业缩短其新产品开发的周期。     

无损检测的质量控制技术

以控制无损检测中的误判为例,介绍了质量控制技术在无损检测质量管理工作中的应用.首先利用流程图发现出现误判问题的产生环节,即缺陷的定位或定量错误.然后利用两图一表(因果图、排列图和检查表)分析引起缺陷定量或定位错误的原因.最后制定了防止误判产生的对策表.采用质量控制技术可以实现无损检测质量的持续改进.     

Flow of granules through cylindrical hopper

The gravity flow characteristics of pharmaceutically important granules were studied in a cylindrical hopper with attachable orifice disk at the bottom. Results indicate that materials property and orifice diameter play key role in determining mass flow rate while keeping environmental condition (temperature) at fixed range. A new dimensionally analyzed equation was developed to predict gravity flow of pharmaceutically important granules. The developed correlation agreed well with the experimental data. Calcium gluconate and lactose were used for preparing granules. Generally, glidant/lubricant materials are added to pharmaceutical granules during tablet manufacturing process, in order to improve physical property of granular material. Hence, the effect of glidant/lubricant on mass flow of granules through hopper was also studied. Magnesium stearate (1.5%) was added as glidant before granulation.     

Factors Influencing Movements of Two Migratory Fishes within the Tailrace of a Large Neotropical Dam and their Implications for Hydropower Impacts

Fish attempting to move upstream through hydroelectric dams can be trapped and killed in turbines. Understanding fish movement patterns can provide useful insights for how to manage dam operations to minimize fish kill in turbines. We evaluated the movements of two migratory fish (Curimba—Prochilodus argenteus and Mandi—Pimelodus maculatus ) using acoustic telemetry in the tailrace of Três Marias Dam (São Francisco River, Brazil) from 31 October 2011 to 16 February 2012. The majority of tagged fish left the tailrace in less than one week; however, some individuals returned, performing several visits to the tailrace. Mandi remained longer in the tailrace than Curimba. The number of visits was influenced by diel period, turbine and spillway discharge. Although the diel period was the only important contributor to the visits performed by Curimba, the movements of Mandi were significantly influenced by three factors. We found that whereas Curimba was predominantly diurnal, Mandi showed nocturnal habits. Additionally, visits of Mandi were significantly greater during higher turbine and spillway discharge. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding fish movements in the Três Marias Dam tailrace and their potential implications for adapting hydroelectric operations to minimize fish kills. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Host odor and visual stimulus interaction during intratree host finding behavior ofRhagoletis pomonella flies

Responses ofRhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies to host fruit visual stimuli (apples or models of apples) and chemical stimuli (synthetic apple volatile blend) were studied in semidwarf field-caged apple trees. Three different fruit or model densities (1, 4, or 16 fruit or models/ tree) and two odor release rates [ca. 0.7g/hr (close to the natural release rate of a ripe apple) and ca. 500g/hr (amount of odor released by commercially sold apple maggot traps)] were tested. Individually released flies were followed as they moved within a tree for a maximum of 20 min. We recorded three-dimensional search paths followed by foraging flies and computed such variables as total relative distance traveled before alighting on a fruit or model, track length between individual alightment sites, and directness of flight to fruits or models. Effect of odor on propensity to alight on fruit or models and host-searching behavior prior to alighting on fruit or on models varied according to fruit or model color and density. If the fruit visual stimulus was strong (e.g., red color), odor did not increase the probability of finding fruit or fruit models. As the visual stimulus became progressively weaker (red to green to clear), odor (irrespective of concentration) appeared to aid flies during the fruit-finding process. As density of fruit or models increased, the probability of flies finding a fruit or model also increased (e.g., 50% of flies found a red fruit model at 1 model/tree while 90% found a red model at 16 models/tree; 4% of flies found a clear model with odor at 1 model/tree while 35% found a clear model with odor at 16 models/tree). Findings reported elsewhere indicate thatR. pomonella flies are able to discover a point source of odor (an odor-bearing tree in a patch of trees) by flying upwind (in the tree patch) in response to intermittent exposure to odor. Findings here indicate that after arrival on a host tree (point source), flies discover individual apparent and abundant host fruit on the basis of vision. If fruit are less apparent or scarce, odor appears to interact with vision during the fruit-finding process.     

Measuring individual corrective reaction time using the intermittent illumination model

The corrective reaction time (t_cr) is an essential motor property when modelling hand control movements. Many studies designed experiments to estimate t_cr, but reported only group means with inconsistent definitions. This study proposes an alternative methodology using Drury's (1994) intermittent illumination model. A total of 24 participants performed circular tracking movements under five levels of visual information delay using a modified monitor in a darkened room. Measured movement speeds and the manipulated delays were used with the model to estimate t_cr of individuals and test effects of gender and path width. The results showed excellent model fits and demonstrated individual differences of t_cr, which was 273 ms on average and ranged from 87 to 441 ms. The wide range of t_cr values was due to significant effects of gender and path width. Male participants required shorter t_cr compared to female participants, especially for narrow path widths.     

基于运动相关皮层电位握力运动模式识别研究

面向基于脑-机接口（Brain-computer interface,BCI）的脑-机交互控制（Brain-machine interaction control,BMIC）——直接脑控机器人,提出一种新的左、右手握力运动参数范式,在该范式下探索左、右手握力运动相关皮层电位/运动相关电位（Movement-related potentials,MRPs）的时域特征表示并识别握力运动模式.在涉及左、右手4个不同任务的实验中采集了11个健康被试的脑电信号,任务期间要求被试以2种握力变化模式之一完成自愿握力运动,每种任务随机重复30次.不同握力任务之间具有显著差异的运动相关电位特征用于识别握力运动模式.分别用基于核的Fisher线性判别分析和支持向量机识别4个不同的握力运动任务.研究结果进一步证实运动相关电位可以表征握力运动规划、运动执行和运动监控的脑神经机制过程.基于核的Fisher线性判别分析和支持向量机分别获得24±4%和21±5%的平均错误分类率.最小误分类率是12%,所有被试平均最小误分类率为20.9±5%.与传统的仅仅识别参与运动的肢体类型以及识别单侧肢体运动参数的研究相比,本研究可望为脑-机交互控制/脑控机器人接口提供更多的力控制意图指令,奠定了后续的对比研究基础.     

APPLICATION OF THE CONSTANT MOLAR FLOW METHOD IN THE STUDY OF MASS TRANSFER OF GASES AND VAPORS IN BIDISPERSE STRUCTURED SOLIDS

In this paper, we provide exact analytical solutions for a new method of constant molar flow of pure gas into a reservoir containing solid adsorbents having a bidispersed structure, such as zeolite, activated carbon and alumina. Depending on the diffusion mechanism, two models are proposed under the isothermal conditions and linear isotherm. One is applicable to zeolite, and the other for alumina and activated carbon. The solutions of these two models are in the form of an infinite series, and its eigenvalues are determined from a transcendental equation. This transcendental equation is such that the eigenvalues are lumped into infinite but countable groups, and in each group there are infinite but countable eigenvalues. The dominant eigenvalues are generally the first ten to thirty eigenvalues (depending on the value of time at which the series is evaluated) in each group. The pressure response of the reservoir is a function of time as the result of the introduction of adsorbate into the reservoir, and as time is sufficiently large it asymptotes to a straight line, of which the slope is a function of the equilibrium parameters only and the intercept is found to be an explicit function of the equilibrium parameters as well as the diffusivities in the macropore and micropore.     

Dynamics of fluid circulation in coupled free and heterogeneous porous domains

Fluid flow in coupled free and porous domain, particularly when the porous medium is heterogeneous, is encountered in many hydro-environmental conditions, e.g., leakage from underground pipe, combined groundwater lake-subsurface interactions. One of the most difficult problems in the study of coupled flow behaviour has been the development of a universally applicable modelling scheme for combining the flow regimes. This is because the free/porous interfacial properties (e.g., shear-stress; velocity slip) that govern the coupled flow behaviour are difficult to determine experimentally under hydro-environmental conditions. On the other hand, the implications of various forms of heterogeneity in the porous media properties can be very different on the fluid-flow behaviour. Difficulties may also arise in direct coupling of the model equations that govern the fluid flow in the individual regions (e.g., Navier-Stokes for free-flow region and the Darcy's equation for the porous flow region). Consequently, models of coupled free and porous flow for hydro-environmental conditions are not very well developed at the moment. While there are some indications that fluids in coupled free and porous domains may circulate (i.e., development of flow cells), there is a lack of appropriate 3D analysis on how heterogeneities in porous media may affect such flow patterns. In this paper, we aim to analyse how porous media heterogeneity affects the dynamics of flow circulation in the porous side of a coupled free and porous domain. For this purpose, we analyse flow patterns in several model domains made up of two porous layers with differing permeabilities. The governing model equations are discretised and solved using the standard finite volume method on a staggered cell-centred mesh. The temporal discretisation is done using the explicit method. An in-house graphical user interface (GUI) has been created specifically to aid in the visualisation of otherwise complex flow patterns. The GUI contains many post-processing options and provides a comprehensive tool for the analysis of hydrodynamics and contaminant motion (not discussed in this paper) in coupled free and porous flow domains. This GUI is described in this paper briefly. The effects of altering the aspect ratio (i.e., multi-scale) of the domain on the coupled flow pattern have also been discussed.