以循环经济理念推进西部大开发

推进西部大开发需要牢固树立和全面落实科学发展观,实现可持续发展.循环经济是突破西部地区可持续发展能力瓶颈的最佳选择.大力发展循环经济要学习借鉴国外经验,成立专门领导机构,制定和落实循环经济发展规划,扩大宣传;抓紧制定有关的地方法规和促进政策;确立重点行业,科学引导,加快示范和推广.     

Development and Application of a Phosphorus Model for a Shallow Oxbow Lake

A three-dimensional numerical model was developed for simulating the phosphorus concentration in shallow lakes. In this model, the computational domain was divided into two parts: the water column and the bed sediment layer. The processes of mineralization, settling, adsorption, desorption, bed release (diffusion), growth, and death of phytoplankton were taken into account, and the concentration of organic phosphorus, phosphate, and related water quality constituents was simulated. The concentrations of adsorbed (particulate) and dissolved phosphate due to adsorption-desorption were calculated using two formulas derived based on the Langmuir equation. The release rate of phosphorus from the bed sediment layer was calculated by considering the effects of the concentration gradient across the water-sediment interface, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and flow conditions. The adsorption and desorption of phosphate from sediment particles, as well as its release from bed sediment, were verified using laboratory experimental data. The model was calibrated and applied to Deep Hollow Lake in the Mississippi alluvial plain. The simulated trends and magnitudes of phosphorus concentration were compared with field observations. The simulation results show that there are strong interactions between sediment-related processes and phosphorus concentration.     

京杭运河徐州段水污染趋势预测

京杭运河徐州段是南水北调东线工程的一部分 ,1 0 a来的监测资料表明 ,蔺家坝、洞山西、红旗新村和解台闸等监测断面的水质为重污染或严重污染 ,达不到国家地面水 III类水体标准 ,其主要污染指标依次为石油类、非离子氨、化学需氧量、生化需氧量和高锰酸盐指数 .利用多年的监测资料建立了水质灰色预测模型 ,预测结果表明 ,2 0 0 5年运河徐州段解台闸断面的 COD,BOD5,石油类、高锰酸盐指数、非离子氨分别为 38.79,1 0 .5 7,0 .62 ,1 5 .64,0 .2 3mg/ L,接近或超过V类水标准 ,属重污染水平 ,因此应尽快控制丁万河、铜焦化、荆马河等支流的污水排放 ,以确保南水北调工程徐州段的水质 .     

大革命时期共产国际对蒋介石的错误认识及策略产生的原因

共产国际在大革命时期由于没有很好了解中国革命的情况 ;在组织原则上一味强调集中 ,越俎代庖 ;加上苏联顾问在指导中国革命时 ,从苏联利益出发 ,忽视别国利益 ,因此 ,造成了共产国际代表及苏联顾问没有准确把握蒋介石在大革命时期的真实面目。也是造成大革命失败的原因之一。     

英国和凡尔赛体系

凡尔赛体系不稳定的根本原因是对战败国德国过于刻薄。英国发现了这一问题 ,做了适当的调整 ,表现了一定的灵活性。对英国在这一段的外交应给予重新认识 ,应当看到是希特勒的崛起葬送了凡尔赛体系 ,并最终变成一场残酷的杀戮     

Tests of the fidelity of lake sediment core records of mercury deposition to known histories of mercury contamination

There has been recent controversy over the discrimination between natural and anthropogenic loadings of mercury to lakes. Sediment core profiles have been interpreted as evidence that inputs to lakes have increased. Some investigators have argued, however, that mercury may be sufficiently mobile in sediments to generate profiles that are misinterpreted as historical records. This argument can be tested where the histories of inputs of mercury are known independently from other kinds of information. We have such cases in Canadian lakes and we have been able to assemble sediment core records for comparison with known source histories. Three cases are represented by Clay Lake in Ontario where the source was a chlor-alkali plant with a known history of mercury discharges, Giauque Lake in the Northwest Territories where mercury was used at a gold mine to extract gold from ore, and Stuart Lake in British Columbia where a mercury mine operated for a known period at Pinchi Lake, the lake immediately upstream from Stuart Lake. In these cases lake sediment cores were dated using lead-210 and cesium-137 and then slices were analysed for mercury. The histories of mercury deposition derived from the cores agreed well with the known histories of inputs.     

Analysis of time-series MODIS 250 m vegetation index data for crop classification in the U.S. Central Great Plains

The global environmental change research community requires improved and up-to-date land use/land cover (LULC) datasets at regional to global scales to support a variety of science and policy applications. Considerable strides have been made to improve large-area LULC datasets, but little emphasis has been placed on thematically detailed crop mapping, despite the considerable influence of management activities in the cropland sector on various environmental processes and the economy. Time-series MODIS 250 m Vegetation Index (VI) datasets hold considerable promise for large-area crop mapping in an agriculturally intensive region such as the U.S. Central Great Plains, given their global coverage, intermediate spatial resolution, high temporal resolution (16-day composite period), and cost-free status. However, the specific spectral-temporal information contained in these data has yet to be thoroughly explored and their applicability for large-area crop-related LULC classification is relatively unknown. The objective of this research was to investigate the general applicability of the time-series MODIS 250 m Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets for crop-related LULC classification in this region. A combination of graphical and statistical analyses were performed on a 12-month time-series of MODIS EVI and NDVI data from more than 2000 cropped field sites across the U.S. state of Kansas. Both MODIS VI datasets were found to have sufficient spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions to detect unique multi-temporal signatures for each of the region's major crop types (alfalfa, corn, sorghum, soybeans, and winter wheat) and management practices (double crop, fallow, and irrigation). Each crop's multi-temporal VI signature was consistent with its general phenological characteristics and most crop classes were spectrally separable at some point during the growing season. Regional intra-class VI signature variations were found for some crops across Kansas that reflected the state's climate and planting time differences. The multi-temporal EVI and NDVI data tracked similar seasonal responses for all crops and were highly correlated across the growing season. However, differences between EVI and NDVI responses were most pronounced during the senescence phase of the growing season.     

《大学》：从“文本”到“义理”

《大学》经典地位的确立，伴随着北宋新儒学的兴起。它是儒家思想发展内在逻辑的必然结果。《大学》奠定了儒家思想的基本框架，尽管后儒围绕《大学》的争论从来没有停止过。从义理上来看，对《大学》理解的分歧主要集中在“新民”还是“亲民”以及“格物致知”的解释上。     

110kV用户变电站计量问题的查找实例及引发的思考

通过对一个用户变电站的计量故障查找实例分析,指出这类用户由于用电量大,计量准确对供电局的经济核算有很大的重要性,并提出加强大用户电量计量管理的一些意见。