基于包围盒和空间分解的碰撞检测算法

文中提出一种基于包围盒和空间分解的碰撞检测算法,用以解决软体的碰撞检测。算法使用AABB包围盒做初步检测,确定可能发生碰撞的物体。再根据包围盒的重叠情况缩小可能发生碰撞的区域,利用哈希表作为数据储存结构进行空间分解,将物体包围盒重叠区域的基本几何元素的空间网格映射到哈希表中,将碰撞区域缩小到基本几何元素,最后用基元碰撞检测找出具体碰撞点。由于前期AABB包围盒的处理减少了空间分解阶段需要映射的基本几何元素数量,该算法具有较高的运算速度。     

Groundwater as a source and pathway for road salt contamination of surface water in the Lake Ontario Basin: A review

In Ontario, there is limited comprehensive research regarding the contribution of chloride in groundwater to surface water systems. The delivery of chloride via groundwater can contribute to the degradation of the Great Lakes and their tributaries. Thus, this review intends to fill or identify knowledge gaps regarding assessing groundwater as a potential source of road salt, the single largest use of salt in urban cold region environments, contamination to surface water by synthesizing existing groundwater chloride research in the Lake Ontario Basin. Knowledge regarding source characterization, properties, pathways, and impacts of chloride in the environment is essential to evaluate the contribution of chloride via groundwater. Past groundwater chloride research in the basin is primarily concentrated in highly urbanized areas and has identified localized trends of increasing groundwater chloride concentrations in these regions; however, few investigations have been conducted in varying land uses (e.g., rural or less urbanized watersheds) or at sufficient temporal and/or spatial scales. Significant chloride accumulation is occurring in watersheds and aquifers within the basin. Concentrations are expected to increase until equilibrium is obtained, thus resulting in sustained yearlong elevated concentrations in tributaries. Recently, chloride loading to Lake Ontario has increased significantly, with groundwater inputs having the potential to support long-term increases in chloride concentrations in the lake. However, few studies have evaluated the explicit contribution via groundwater to Lake Ontario, and therefore a knowledge gap continues to exist. We provide a synthesis of additional research priorities to better understand the magnitude of groundwater chloride issues in the basin.     

Iron Behavior in the Ozonation and Filtration of Groundwater

In Finnish groundwater, the main substances that require treatment are iron and manganese. In addition to this, groundwaters are soft and acidic. Iron removal is usually relatively effective by oxidizing dissolved iron into an insoluble form, either by aeration or chemical oxidization and removing the formed precipitate by sand filtration. Sometimes, if the untreated water contains high amounts of organic matter, problems may arise for iron removal. In Finland, it is quite common that groundwater contains high levels of both iron and natural organic matter, mainly as humic substances. The groundwater of the Kukkala intake plant in Liminka has been found to be problematic, due to its high level of natural organic matter. This research studied the removal of iron from this water by means of oxidation with ozone and filtration. While the oxidation of iron by ozone was rapid, the precipitate particles formed were small, and thus could not be removed by sand and anthracite filtration, and the iron residue in the treated water was more than 2 mgL^?1. And while the filtration was able to remove iron well without the feed of ozone, the iron residue in the treated water was only 0.30 mgL^?1. In this case, iron was led to the filter in a bivalent dissolved form. So, the result of iron removal was the best when the sand/anthracite filter functioned largely as an adsorption filter.     

化工搅拌器的参数优选

本文提出了确定化工用搅拌器搅拌时间的一种简单试验方法,并用正交表安排寻找最佳搅拌参数的试验和整理试验数据,得到了有实用价值的结果。     

投入产出分析系统设计与实现

利用Matlab的强大的数据处理能力,结合MS SQL Server数据库的存储优势,建立了针对投入产出表进行数据分析、统计处理、关联挖掘和二维展示的软件平台;同时,该平台可以为未来升级,为区域经济的产业结构布局与优化、产业竞争分析、经济发展预测、政策效果模拟等方面的综合性分析平台奠定良好的基础。     

Effect of changing groundwater levels caused by land-use changes on greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peat lands

Monthly measurements of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes in peat soils were carried out and compared with groundwater level over a year at four sites (drained forest, upland cassava,upland and lowland paddy fields) located in Jambi province, Indonesia. Fluxes from swamp forest soils were also measured once per year as the native state of this investigated area. Land-use change from drained forest to lowland paddy field significantly decreased the CO₂ (from 266 to 30 mg C m^–2 h^–1) and N₂O fluxes (from 25.4 to 3.8 g N m^–2 h^–1), but increased the CH₄ flux (from 0.1 to 4.2 mg C m^–2 h^–1) in the soils. Change from drained forest to cassava field significantly increased N₂O flux (from 25.4 to 62.2 g N m^–2 h^–1), but had no significant influence on CO₂ (from 266 to 200 mg C m^–2 h^–1) and CH₄ fluxes (from 0.1 to 0.3 mg C m^–2 h^–1) in the soils. Averaged CO₂ fluxes in the swamp forests (94 mg C m^–2 h^–1) were estimated to be one-third of that in the drained forest. Groundwater levels of drained forest and upland crop fields had been lowered by drainage ditches while swamp forest and lowland paddy field were flooded, although groundwater levels were also affected by precipitation. Groundwater levels were negatively related to CO₂ flux but positively related to CH₄ flux at all investigation sites. The peak of the N₂O flux was observed at –20 cm of groundwater level. Lowering the groundwater level by 10 cm from the soil surface resulted in a 50 increase in CO₂ emission (from 109.1 to 162.4 mg C m^–2 h^–1) and a 25% decrease in CH₄ emission (from 0.440 to 0.325 mg C m^–2 h^–1) in this study. These results suggest that lowering of groundwater level by the drainage ditches in the peat lands contributes to global warming and devastation of fields. Swamp forest was probably the best land-use management in peat lands to suppress the carbon loss and greenhouse gas emission. Lowland paddy field was a better agricultural system in the peat lands in terms of C sequestration and greenhouse gas emission. Carbon loss from lowland paddy field was one-eighth of that of the other upland crop systems, although the Global Warming Potential was almost the same level as that of the other upland crop systems because of CH₄ emission through rice plants.     

MODIS数据Bowtie效应消除算法

MODIS数据不仅具有较高的过境频率和光谱分辨率,还具有成本低、覆盖面广等优势。受地球曲率的影响,MODIS L1B数据大多存在一种重叠效应,即Bowtie效应,主要发生在图像的边缘地带,该效应制约了MODIS遥感数据的进一步分析及应用。针对遥感影像几何畸变问题,提出一种不基于传统星历表的Bowtie效应消除算法,采用相关系数法确定每个扫描带的重复行数,根据不同分辨率的MODIS L1B数据,使用相对应的重采样方法对图像进行重采样处理。通过与其他Bowtie效应消除算法的对比实验及分析,证明该算法不仅能够有效去除Bowtie效应,而且执行速度较快,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

最小相关性最大依赖度属性约简

在经典粗糙集中,基于重要度的决策表属性约简算法只考虑了决策属性与条件属性之间的依赖度,没有考虑约简中条件属性之间的相关性,由此求出的约简中可能依然包含冗余属性。针对这一问题,提出了一种改进算法,它利用最小相关性和最大依赖度准则求决策表属性约简。与基于重要度的决策表属性约简算法相比,本算法求出的约简包含的属性个数少、冗余小。实验结果显示,本算法优于基于重要度的决策表属性约简算法。     

基于逐层剪枝的中文高频重复模式快速提取算法

为了从大规模语料中快速提取高频重复模式,以递增n-gram模型为基础,使用散列数据结构提取重复串,并提出了一种基于低频字符和层次剪枝的逐层剪枝算法,用于过滤低频垃圾字串,减少I/O读写次数。在此基础上,应用改进的字串排序算法,使字符串排序可在O(n)时间内完成,从而有效提高重复模式的提取效率。实验表明,该算法是一种有效的重复模式提取算法,其I/O读写次数同语料规模呈线性关系,远小于使用首字符进行语料划分的方法,能快速有效地从规模远大于内存容量的文本语料中提取重复模式,特别适合于大规模语料的高频重复模式提取,对以重复模式为基础的新词识别、术语抽取等具有重要的支撑作用。     

消能支撑框架结构的研究与应用

对几种型式的消能器进行了减震机理分析 ,对消能支撑框架模型进行了低周反复荷载试验和振动台试验 ,编制了非线性有限元分析程序和弹塑性时程分析程序 ,并将研究结果应用于实际工程