State of the art of geothermal reservoir simulation

Computer modeling of geothermal systems has become a mature technology with application to more than 100 fields world-wide. Large complex three-dimensional models having computational meshes with more than 4000 blocks are now used routinely. Researchers continue to carry out fundamental research on modeling techniques and physical processes in geothermal systems. The new advances are adopted quickly by the geothermal industry and have also found application in related areas such as nuclear waste storage, environmental remediation and studies of the vadose (unsaturated) zone. The current state-of-practice, recent advances and emerging trends in geothermal reservoir simulation are reviewed.     

Analysis of tracer test data, and injection-induced cooling, in the Laugaland geothermal field, N-Iceland

The Laugaland geothermal system in N-Iceland is hosted by low-permeability fractured basalt and its productivity is limited by insufficient recharge, even though substantial thermal energy is in-place in the 90–100 °C hot rocks of the system. The purpose of a 2-year reinjection experiment, completed in late 1999, was to demonstrate that some of this energy could be extracted economically through long-term reinjection. A comprehensive monitoring program was implemented as part of the project, including three detailed tracer tests. More than 1400 tracer samples were collected during the tests. Tracer return data indicate that the injected water travels through the area bedrock by two modes: first, along direct, small volume flow-paths, such as fractures or interbeds; second, by dispersion and mixing throughout a large volume of the reservoir. Based on the tracer test results, and assuming 15 l/s average future reinjection, the temperature of water produced is predicted to decline by 1–3 °C in 10 years. It can be asserted, in spite of measurement uncertainties, that the 2-year reinjection experiment did not cause a temperature decline greater than about 0.5 °C, conforming to predictions. It is estimated that future reinjection at 15 l/s will enable an increase in energy production amounting to about 24 GWh_th/year, which equals roughly of the average yearly energy production at Laugaland during the last decade. Reinjection has continued after the experiment and is already an important part of the management of the Laugaland geothermal system.     

三峡库区梅溪河河口干支流界面水流特征

通过对三峡库区中部典型支流梅溪河库湾水动力参数及水体温度、浊度数据进行分析,研究水库运行各时期梅溪河河口干支流界面水流特性,探讨其影响因素以及水交换对库湾的影响。结果表明:梅溪河河口双向水流特征明显,在温差异重流、干流惯性作用以及库区水位变动等因素影响下,干支流界面水流强度、进出水体间界面结构及形态在不同运行期有显著差异;由于双向水流结构的存在,尽管梅溪河河口干支流界面净流量较小(多小于100 m~3/s),但是干支流水体的交换量相对显著,介于314.17~535.26 m~3/s之间,可达净流量的4~40倍;在净流量最小的低水位运行期,干流倒灌水体基本能到达支流库湾常年回水区的末端。     

黑河流域水资源管理模式研究

水资源管理模式是提高水资源动态管理的有效方式,为水资源高效配置和合理利用提供技术支撑。针对黑河流域水资源利用现状与存在的问题,分析和探讨了基于生态需水、水权框架、模拟模型和水资源信息系统的黑河流域水资源管理模式,展望了未来流域水资源发展方向。指出在未来应加强人类活动影响下流域水资源污染研究,流域地表水与地下水联合调度管理和水资源合理配置与流域集成管理研究。     

黑河流域水资源现状及其开发利用

分析黑河流域水资源数量、组成、分布、特征以及开发利用现状,认为开发利用中存在着引水口门、平原水库过多,渠系布局、工程配套差,地下水开发利用程度低,部分地区用水方式粗放,蒸发渗漏损失大,浪费严重,干流缺乏控制性骨干调节工程等主要问题,加剧了流域生态环境的恶化.指出只有科学配置和高效利用黑河流域水资源,才能促进当地经济、社会、环境协调发展.     

三峡库区湖北四县水土资源综合开发利用与水土流失防治对策研究

三峡库区湖北宜昌、秭归、兴山、巴东四县幅员面积１１５８９．３平方公里，总人口数１６６．０２万人，三峡水库形成后，淹没土面积７４．４７平方公里，涉及８．９４万人，规划农业生产安置２．８万人。本文以四县土地资源利用现状主和环境容量的分析为基础，进行三峡库区移民安置对水土流失的影响评价，论证综合开发利用水土资源，水土保持与开发性移民相结合，是扩大库区人口环境容量的必由之路，研究制订出移民安置与水土资源的     

刘家峡水电站坝前与洮河库区淤积发展趋势的分析计算

刘家峡水库自1968年舌水到1991年底，库内共淤积泥沙12亿m3，占总库容的21％，威胁着电站的安全运行．本交通过实测资料分析并结合数学模型计算，对刘家峡水库的淤积发展趋势进行了分析．分析结呆表明：水库中泥沙的冲淤，取决于当年的进出库水沙条件、高水位高低及前期淤积状态等，其中洗河入库流量的大小时排河库区的冲淤起决定性作用．本文还就根本解决刘家峡水库泥沙问题的措施，提出了建议．     

关于水库防洪调度若干问题的探讨

笔者在分析了水库实时防洪调度与设计阶段防洪调度的差别后，对在实时调度可以较大幅度地提高水库效益的两种主要措施──分期防洪调度，预报调度，在实施中应注意的问题作了探讨，分期防洪调度应注意摸清分期洪水的规律；正确划分分期时段，按规范的规定和方法计算分期设计洪水；依分期设计洪水拟定分期汛限水位。预报调度必须细致地编制预报调度方案，尽快建设自动测报系统。挖掘水库潜力关键是对来水尽早，尽准确的预知，由于不要     

卅把水库1993年“7．25”洪水入库流量还原计算

对于无入库流量测站的水库利用水量平衡方程式可以计算水库的入库流量。还原计算“７．２５”洪水后，得到了卅把水库时段平均入库流量过程线，经修匀后得到的入库流量过程线，接近实际情况。卅把水库１９９３年“７．２５”洪水中最大入库流量为９９０ｍ３／ｓ。     

松辽盆地茂8井三维地震区薄互层储层预测方法及效果

本文针对松辽盆地陆相薄互层的沉积特点,结合茂８井三维地震区块的实际情况,采用“滑动相关法”确定地震地质层位,准确标定了各反射同相轴的地质含义。依据砂岩或砂层组在三维剖面上的特征,充分发挥人机联作解释系统的优势,利用振幅、频率对主要含油层系砂岩的横向变化进行了深入研究,经钻井验证取得了较好的效果。