The Main Factors Affecting Isotopes of Yellow River Water in China

Abstract

Variation of δ¹⁸O, δD, and ³H in the Yellow River water were analyzed based on the isotope test results of water samples in 18 sections of the Yellow River in rainy and dry seasons. The results show the trend of the ratios of the stable isotopes increases while the ³H concentration decreases progressively from the river source to the estuary. The main factors affecting the isotopes in the river water are the mixing of foreign water bodies, evaporation, and human activities. River runoff mostly comes from the source and the middle reaches of the river. The changes of the isotopes in the river water could be served as a good indicator of the recharge of different foreign water to the Yellow River.     

River basin water resources management in China: a legal and institutional assessment

China's rivers face major challenges arising from social and economic development, particularly associated with pollution and over-abstraction. Although these issues vary significantly across the country, China has adopted a national, unified approach to manage water resources in a river basin context. This paper assesses the legal and institutional arrangements for river basin management in terms of decentralization and centralization. It considers the appropriate roles for the different levels of government, including providing for participation and integration across these levels. It proposes strengthening institutional development and capacity building in the future.     

Institutional factors affecting fish passage in the Columbia River Treaty renegotiation

ABSTRACT

The United States and Canada have begun renegotiating the Columbia River Treaty, which is an international model for transboundary water governance. This paper identifies six institutional factors that will affect negotiations pertaining to fish passage during the renegotiation of the treaty: geographical advantage, issue linkage, a basin commission, the duration of agreements, negotiating autonomy and side payments. These factors and the methods used to determine them can be applied to other transboundary river basins where basin states have a history of transboundary resource governance. This analysis also serves as a policy-relevant resource for Columbia River Treaty negotiators and stakeholders.     

黄河河口段水-沙-芳烃类污染物相互作用的数值研究

考虑复合污染条件下泥沙吸附污染物和泥沙冲淤运动对污染物输移扩散特性的影响,建立了非恒定非饱和输沙模型和污染物迁移转化模型,并结合黄河河口段利津至清7河段监测数据,研究该河段水流、泥沙过程及污染物迁移转化规律,分析了多组份共存的复合污染条件下苯酚、苯胺及氯苯之间的吸附竞争关系及其浓度变化情况。研究结果表明,从上游到下游先冲刷后淤积的河段中,溶解态污染物浓度值沿程降低,吸附态污染物浓度值沿程升高。三组分复合体系下各污染物之间存在竞争吸附,吸附态苯胺浓度值升高而溶解态浓度值降低,苯酚和氯苯在泥沙上的吸附作用受到抑制,吸附态浓度值有所下降,溶解态浓度值略有升高。     

黄河下游河道冲淤平衡临界水流能量损失研究

从河流能量损失的角度入手,采用理论研究和资料分析相结合的手段,研究了黄河下游河道(花园口-利津)河流能量损失与河道冲淤的相关关系,研究结果表明:河流一般能量损失(如机械能损失、动能损失、势能损失)和动量损失与黄河下游河道年冲淤量之间不存在相关关系;而河流有用功损失、推移功损失与河道年冲淤量之间相关性不明显,但河流悬浮功损失与黄河下游河道年冲淤量之间存在较为明显的相关关系;维持黄河下游河道(花园口-利津)冲淤平衡的能量损失临界条件是水文年内河流悬浮功损失0.75亿J.当悬浮功损失大于此临界值,下游河道将发生淤积;小于此临界值,下游河道将发生冲刷.     

中型山区河流水电站下游的鱼类生态需水量计算

为更好地对河流水电开发后的鱼类进行保护,探讨中型山区河流水电站下游的鱼类生态需水量计算.参照大型河流鱼类水力生境参数标准,根据中型山区河流的特点,得到中型山区河流鱼类水力生境参数的参考标准.选取有代表性的四川中型山区河流杂谷脑河进行鱼类生境原型观测,原型观测结果证实了该参考标准能够满足杂谷脑河鱼类对生境的实际需求.基于所得到的参考标准,应用生态水力学法对杂谷脑河红叶二级、理县以及甘堡3座电站减水河段的鱼类生态需水量进行计算分析,得到3座电站的生态需水量推荐值.通过分析可知,所得到的生态需水量推荐值占年均天然流量以及设计引用流量的比例都不高,在3座电站的运行实践中,具有可操作性.     

西辽河流域平原区地下水动态补给研究

基于分布式水循环模拟模型MODCYCLE,建立强人类活动影响下西辽河流域水循环模拟模型,量化西辽河平原地下水补给组成,分析地下水动态补给情况及年际、年内变化。分析结果表明：西辽河流域平原区地下水补给以降水入渗补给为主,与年降水量直接相关。随降水减少,降水入渗补给比重减少,河道入渗补给及灌溉回归补给比重增加。地下水补给的年内变化差异较大,且与年内降水分布直接相关。研究结果可为西辽河平原地下水资源可持续开发利用提供依据     

黄河下游漫滩洪水调控模式研究

针对漫滩洪水特性提出了改善黄河下游“二级悬河”的方案,应用动床模型试验对改善方案进行了模拟研究。结果显示：控制漫滩可以有效的减缓“二级悬河”的发展,加大主槽累计冲刷量,减小滩区淹没面积及改善河道横比降。如果黄河下游遭遇大漫滩洪水,可以在控制漫滩条件下排放最大洪峰流量不超过10 000 m3/s的过程洪水。     

黄河河口演变与管理开发研究进展

基于当前黄河河口治理与管理开发进程中出现的突出问题,本文从黄河河口来水来沙条件变化、黄河河口演变特征、黄河河口整治及管理措施研究等3个方面概括总结了黄河河口在演变与管理开发方面的研究进展,并对21世纪黄河河口的研究进行了展望。